Define utilitarianism.
A moral theory that advocates for actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the majority.
True or false: Utilitarianism focuses on individual rights over collective happiness.
FALSE
Utilitarianism prioritizes the greatest good for the greatest number.
Who is a key philosopher associated with utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham is a key figure in the development of utilitarianism.
Fill in the blank: Utilitarianism is often summarized by the phrase ‘the greatest ______ for the greatest number.’
happiness
What is the main goal of utilitarianism?
To promote overall happiness and reduce suffering.
Define act utilitarianism.
A form of utilitarianism that assesses each action based on its consequences for overall happiness.
Define rule utilitarianism.
A form of utilitarianism that focuses on following rules that generally promote the greatest good.
True or false: Utilitarianism can justify harmful actions if they lead to greater overall happiness.
TRUE
This aspect raises ethical concerns about moral boundaries.
What is a criticism of utilitarianism?
It can overlook individual rights and justice in favor of collective happiness.
Fill in the blank: Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their ______.
consequences
What is preference utilitarianism?
A version of utilitarianism that considers individual preferences in measuring happiness.
True or false: Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory.
TRUE
It judges actions solely by their outcomes.
What is the hedonic calculus?
A method proposed by Bentham to measure pleasure and pain resulting from actions.
Define negative utilitarianism.
A variant that prioritizes reducing suffering over increasing happiness.
Fill in the blank: Utilitarianism is often contrasted with ______ ethics.
deontological
What does utilitarianism say about justice?
It may sacrifice justice for the sake of greater overall happiness.
True or false: Utilitarianism is only applicable in ethical theory.
FALSE
It also influences economics and public policy.
What is the utility principle?
The principle that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce the opposite.
Define total utilitarianism.
A view that considers the total sum of happiness produced by an action.
What role does impartiality play in utilitarianism?
It requires considering everyone’s happiness equally, without favoritism.
Fill in the blank: Utilitarianism can be seen as a form of ______ ethics.
teleological
What is a common application of utilitarianism in policy-making?
It is used to evaluate the benefits and costs of social programs.
True or false: Utilitarianism supports actions that maximize individual pleasure regardless of consequences.
FALSE
It focuses on the overall good, not just individual pleasure.
What is the greatest happiness principle?
The idea that the best action is the one that maximizes happiness for the most people.
