UTITLED DECK 7

Question 1

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 1

• abducts vocal folds

Question 2

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 2

• adducts vocal folds

Question 3

Tongue muscle palatoglossus

Answer 3

• supplied by CN X

Question 4

Cricothyroid muscle

Answer 4

• tenses the muscles of the larynx

Question 5

Lesser petrosal nerve

Answer 5

• exits the skull by Foramen ovale

Question 6

Platysma innervation -

Answer 6

facial nerve

Question 7

Middle meningeal a enters the cranium via

Answer 7

• Foramen spinosum

Question 8

Recurrent lagyngeal nerve

Answer 8

• lies between oesophagus and trachea

Question 9

Eustachian tube pierces

Answer 9

• petrous temporal bone

Question 10

Amaurosis fugax artery involved

Answer 10

• ipsilateral internal carotid artery -> central retinal artery influenced (branch of ophthalmic artery, enters through optic canal)

Question 11

hilum of the lung

Answer 11

• has vagus posterior and phrenic nerve anterior

Question 12

thyroid has suspensory ligament of berry

Answer 12

• connects thyroid to trachea, lies next to recurrent laryngeal

Question 13

external carotid artery

Answer 13

• runs through parotid gland

Question 14

carotid sheath -

Answer 14

common carotid medially, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein lateral, + ansa cervicalis

Question 15

marginal mandibular a –>

Answer 15

depressor anguli oris muscle –> depression of mouth (mouth drooling)

Question 16

tongue retraction back

Answer 16

• styloglossus muscle

Question 17

tonge protrusion

Answer 17

• genioglossus

Question 18

tongue depression

Answer 18

• hyoglossus

Question 19

ansa cervicalis

Answer 19

• cervical spinal nerves, innervating the infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles)

Question 20

submandibular gland

Answer 20

• contains facial artery

Question 21

external jugular vein:

Answer 21

formed from posterior auricular and retromandibular

Question 22

internal jugular vein:

Answer 22

receives facial, pharyngeal, lingual, superior, and middle thyroid.

Question 23

parotid duct opening

Answer 23

• maxillary/upper second molar, on the buccal side

Question 24

Submandibular/Wharton’s duct

Answer 24

• opening in anterior midline floor of mouth

Question 25

structures in the spermatic cord:

Answer 25

Testicular, cremasteric, artery to the gas Genital n, sympathetic fibres, iluoinguinal n Pampiniform plexus, vascular deferens, lymphatics

Question 26

Adrenaline and hydrocortisone

Answer 26

<6 mth 150mcg, 25mg 6m-6y 150mcg, 50mg 6-12y 300mcg, 100mg >12y 500mcg, 200mg

Question 27

Bypass vesells for CABG:

Answer 27

- Internal mammary artery is best - Radial artery harvested from forearm. Ensure ulnar collateral working first! - Reversed long saphenous vein grafts

Question 28

Neuropathic pain:

Answer 28

amitriptyline or pregabalin 2nd line: both 3rd line: tramadol, lidocaine, pain management clinic

Question 29

malnourished:

Answer 29

BMI < 18.5 weight loss of >10% over 3-6m BMI < 20 and weight loss of >5% over 3-6m

Question 30

Features of an addisonian crisis:

Answer 30

Hyponatraemia Hyperkalaemia Hypoglycaemia

Question 31

Addisoninan crisis tx:

Answer 31

Hydrocortisone 100 mg im or iv 1 litre normal saline infused over 30-60 mins or with dextrose if hypoglycaemic

Question 32

pancreatitis score

Answer 32

>3 mean severe pancreatitis P a02 < 60 mmHg A ge > 55 years N eutrophils > 15 x 10/l C alcium < 2 mmol/l R aised urea > 16 mmol/l E nzyme (lactate dehydrogenase) > 600 units/l A lbumin < 32 g/l S ugar (glucose) > 10 mmol/l

Question 33

Kocher criteria for septic arthritis

Answer 33

1. Non weight bearing on affected side 2. ESR > 40 mm/hr 3. Fever 4. WBC count of >12,000 mm3

Question 34

Stone size vs Chances of stone passage

Answer 34

1mm   85% 2-4mm 75% 5-7mm 60%

Question 35

humerus - muscles attaching to greater tuberosity

Answer 35

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles

Question 36

Humerus - attachement to lesser tuberosity

Answer 36

Subscapularis

Question 37

erection parasympathetic vs sympathetic

Answer 37

p=parasympathetic=points s=sympathetic=shoots

Question 38

Risks of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture (over 5 years):

Answer 38

 *     5-5.9cm = 25%       *     6-6.9cm= 35%       *     7cm and over = 75%