list 6 possible causes of uveitis
- infection - viral herpes
- fungus - histoplasmosis
- parasite - toxoplasmosis
- autoimmune disease
- trauma to eye
- idiopathic
which 3 components of the eye are affected by uveitis and how
iris
ciliary body
choroid
are all inflamed
which parts of the uvea can get affected by anterior uveitis and what are the 2 most common complications
the iris (iritis) or the ciliary body (iridocyclitis)
most common complications:
- raised IOP
- cataract
which parts of the uvea are affected with intermediate uveitis and what is this called
pars plana (just behind the ciliary body) is affected and the peripheral retina
called pars planitis
which part of the uvea is affected by posterior uveitis
the choroid (it can sometimes affect the retina)
list the 8 symptoms of anterior uveitis
- painful red eye - mild to intense
- reading/tasks requiring focus can worsen pain
- blurry/cloudy vision
- small pupil
- iris can change colour
- photophobia
- floaters
- headaches
list 2 symptoms of intermediate uveitis
- floaters
- blurred vision
list 4 symptoms of posterior uveitis
- floaters
- blurred vision
- loss of peripheral vision
- flashes
list 8 signs of anterior uveitis
- cells - leukocytes (WBC) in aqueous
- flare - protein from inflamed iris or ciliary body (gives aqueous a Smokey appearance)
- posterior synechae - iris adheres to lens capsule
- anterior synechae - iris adheres to peripheral cornea
- granulomatous nodules within iris stroma
- inflammatory by products accumulate in trabecular meshwork
- keratic precipitates on posterior cornea (from old episodes of uveitis)
- hypopyon
what can cause a secondary uveitic glaucoma in anterior uveitis
the inflammatory by products that may accumulate in the trabecular meshwork which increases the IOP
what is a sign of old episodes of eveitis in anterior uveitis
keratic precipitates
list 4 signs of intermediate uveitis
- eye is white
- anterior segment is quiet (possibly slight flare, few cells, some KPs)
- cells aggregate to form snowballs over inferior peripheral retina = white plaque over pars plana and retina
- cystoid macula oedema in 25% of cases
list 7 signs of posterior uveitis
- cystoid macular oedema
- retinal/disc neovascularization
- choroidal neovascular membrane
- disc swelling
- cataract
- epiretinal membranes
- retinal detachment
which speed of referral is required for uveitis
emergency
what are the 2 treatments for uveitis and why for each
- cycloplegia: reduces pain and chance of synechae
- topical steroids: reduces the inflammation
