Vaccination

Question 1

What is immunological memory?

Answer 1

The process by which the immune system “remembers” a specific antigen after an initial exposure.

Question 2

What is active immunization?

Answer 2

Exposing an individual to an antigen to stimulate their own immune system to develop protective immunity and a memory response.

Question 3

What is passive immunization?

Answer 3

Introducing preformed antibodies to provide immediate, temporary protection without creating a memory response.

Question 4

How can active immunization occur?

Answer 4

Through natural infection or vaccination.

Question 5

What is the key difference between active and passive immunization?

Answer 5

Active immunization creates a memory response, while passive immunization does not.

Question 6

What is a prime example of passive immunization?

Answer 6

Maternal antibodies passed to a baby.

Question 7

What is immunological memory?

Answer 7

The process by which the immune system “remembers” a specific antigen after an initial exposure.

Question 8

What is active immunization?

Answer 8

Exposing an individual to an antigen to stimulate their own immune system to develop protective immunity and a memory response.

Question 9

What is passive immunization?

Answer 9

Introducing preformed antibodies to provide immediate, temporary protection without creating a memory response.

Question 10

How can active immunization occur?

Answer 10

Through natural infection or vaccination.

Question 11

What is the key difference between active and passive immunization?

Answer 11

Active immunization creates a memory response, while passive immunization does not.

Question 12

What is a prime example of passive immunization?

Answer 12

Maternal antibodies passed to a baby.

Question 13

What is an attenuated vaccine?

Answer 13

A vaccine containing a live, but non-pathogenic, version of an organism.

Question 14

What is a key benefit of attenuated vaccines?

Answer 14

They often don’t require boosters and stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity.

Question 15

What is a risk of attenuated vaccines?

Answer 15

They may rarely revert to a pathogenic strain or cause disease in an immunosuppressed person.

Question 16

What is an inactivated vaccine?

Answer 16

A vaccine made from a “killed” organism via chemical inactivation or radiation.

Question 17

What do inactivated vaccines typically require?

Answer 17

Multiple boosters.

Question 18

What is a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 18

A vaccine made from inactivated bacterial toxins.

Question 19

What is an example of a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 19

Tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.

Question 20

What are purified macromolecule (subunit) vaccines?

Answer 20

Vaccines that use only a part of the microbe, such as a protein or polysaccharide.

Question 21

What are nucleic acid-based vaccines?

Answer 21

Vaccines that inject a gene (DNA or mRNA) that codes for an antigenic protein.

Question 22

What are examples of nucleic acid-based vaccines?

Answer 22

The Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.

Question 23

What disease was officially eradicated in 1977 due to vaccination efforts?

Answer 23

Smallpox.

Question 24

Why was the oral polio vaccine (OPV) so effective?

Answer 24

It protected the individual and also prevented person-to-person spread.

Question 25

What are common minor side effects of vaccines?

Answer 25

Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site; muscle aches, fever, or headaches.

Question 26

Have vaccines been shown to cause autism?

Answer 26

No, the study that suggested a link was disproven due to manipulated patient data.