Vaccination

Question 1

List the routine vaccinations available for dogs

Answer 1

• Distemper, infectious hepatitis, parvovirus
• Leptospira (L2 or L4 available)
• Also: kennel cough ( canine parainfluenza virus, Bordatella)

Question 2

Which species of Lepto do the L2 and L4 vaccines cover?

Answer 2

• L2: icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola

- L4: same + bratislava, grippotyphosa

Question 3

List the routine vacciantions for cats

Answer 3

• FeLV, feline herpes virus, feline parvo, Chlamydophila, feline calicivirus
• Also Bordatella accine available

Question 4

Outline a typical vaccination protocol for cats

Answer 4

• First vacc 8-9 weeks old
• Second vacc 3-5 weeks later
• Annual boosters (except panleukopaenia which is done every 3 years)
• Must be 3 months olf before Rabies vaccine

Question 5

Which are the core, and which are the non-core vaccines for cats?

Answer 5

Core: FHV, FCV, FIE

Non-core: feline bordatella, rabies, Chlamydophila felis, FeLV

Question 6

Outline a worming protocol for kittens to protect against toxocara cati

Answer 6

• 3 weeks old worm with fenbendazole
• 4-8 weeks old weaning, with worming every 2 weeks
• between 10 weeks to 6 months old, worm every 4 weeks
• From then on worm with any licensed anthelmintic
• From 6 months onward, worm at least every 3 months

Question 7

Outline Toxocara cati infestation in kittens

Answer 7

• Passed to kittens in queen’s milk
• Larvae encyst in tissue following infection, where they are immune to wormer and will then be released in queens in response to pregnancy and lactation
• Can assume all kittens have some degree of T. cati infestation

Question 8

When is management of a swelling at an injection site post-vaccination required?

Answer 8

• If persists more than 3 months post injection
• If it is larger than 2cm diameter
• If it is increasing in size after a month
• Management/biopsy if any of the above criteria apply

Question 9

What are some serious vaccination reactions that may occur?

Answer 9

• Local injection site reactions
• Anaphylaxis
• Polyarthritis
• Sarcomas
• Upper resp. tract disease

Question 10

Which diseases are vaccinated against in the rabbit?

Answer 10

• Myxomatosis

- Viral haemorrhagic disease (calicivirus)

Question 11

Discuss ferret vaccinations

Answer 11

• Can be vaccinated against distemper, off licence
• Need to explain to owner
• Usually give half a dose of canine vaccine
• Presents high risk of developing distemper itself so need to explain risk carefully

Question 12

What vaccine related reasons may cause vaccination failure?

Answer 12

• Out of date

- Incorrect storag

Question 13

What patient related reasons may cause vaccination failure?

Answer 13

• Maternally derived antibodies present
• Concurrent illness
• Steroid treatment

Question 14

What are the requirements for tetanus vaccinations in horses?

Answer 14

Every horse must be vaccinated. Booster every 2 years following primary course

Question 15

What are the requirements for equine influenza vaccination?

Answer 15

• All horses competing in affiliated competitions and racehorses
• Interval between boosters varies between organisation, but usually 6-12 months
• Also required by many yard owners
• If miss a vaccine, restart primary vaccination course

Question 16

Describe the use of the equine herpes virus vaccine

Answer 16

• Most commercial vacciens contain EHV-1 and 4
• Usually for large groups of horses e.g. racehorses (outbreak disrupts training)
• Most pleasure horse owners do not vaccinate but may be advisable
• Pregnant mares should be vaccinated against EHV-1 in late pregnancy to reduce risks of abortion, neonatal disease

Question 17

Describe the use of the equine arteritis virus vaccine

Answer 17

• Prevent/control shedding of virus in infected breeding stallions
• Mares vaccinated 3 weeks before breeding but not once pregnant
• Not indicated in a gelding

Question 18

Describe the use of the rotavirus vaccine in horses

Answer 18

• Pregnant mares can be vaccinated in late pregnancy to provide passive immunity to foal
• Not indicated in mature pleasure horse

Question 19

Describe the use of the strangles vaccine in horses

Answer 19

• Intended for use in horse with clearly identifiable risk of S. equi infection
• If livery yard has history of strangles, vaccine indicated

Question 20

List the vaccinations that can be used in pregnant mares

Answer 20

• Tetanus
• Equine influenza
• Rotavirus
• Equine herpes virus

Question 21

Which cattle vaccine is essential?

Answer 21

BVD

Question 22

Which cattle vaccines are sensible precautions?

Answer 22

• Clostridial disease
• Leptospirosis
• Lungworm
• IBR

Question 23

Which cattle vaccines are only needed if disease state dictates?

Answer 23

• Salmonella
• Calf respiratory disease (IBR/PI3?RSV/Pasteurella)
• Schmallenberg
• Coronavirus/Rotavirus/E coli

Question 24

Which sheep vaccines are essential?

Answer 24

• Clostridial disease

- Pasteurella

Question 25

Which sheep vaccines are a sensible precaution?

Answer 25

Toxopalsma

Question 26

Which sheep vaccines are only needed if disease status dictates?

Answer 26

- Orf - Footrot - Chlamydophila

Question 27

Outlien the goat vaccines

Answer 27

- Only Coxevac licensed, prevents Coxiela burnetti | - Clostridial disease vaccine also recommended

Question 28

Outline the first vaccination protocol of dogs

Answer 28

- First vacc from 6 weeks old, second injection at 10 weeks old to ensure MDAs declined and do not interfere with response - If do not start vaccination until 10 weeks old, second component only parainfluenza vaccine 2 weeks later

Question 29

What is required in order to be able to perform a pre-purchase examination of a horse?

Answer 29

- if horse's history is known to you/your practice but only if you disclose this to purchaser, need permission from all people who owned the horse at time when you gained relevant information regarding a horse's history - Only if there is no conflict of interest so need to identify buyer and seller - Need to declare purchaser in advance of the examination

Question 30

What are the requirements regarding recording of movements, births and deaths of cattle?

Answer 30

- Movements recorded within 36 hours of them occurring (onto or off farm) - Births and death within 7 days - Keep records for 10 years

Question 31

What are the certification requirements for vets?

Answer 31

- Must only certify within your own knowledge, or with supporting certification from another vet - Do not certify anything with conflict of interest - Certificates must be unambiguous and written in easy to understand language - identify animals individually - Keep originals - Signature never in black date the signature - No deletions crossings out - Write in language from country of issue and provided in language of ultimate destination of animal -