Common Valid Reasoning
Procedure questions often test valid reasoning whereas if the flaw questions test your knowledge of invalid reasoning
Reduction to the Absurd
Disputing someone’s argument by using their logic to reach a clearly false conclusion
Application of a Principle
Applying a general rule to a specific case
Arguing by Analogy
Supporting an argument by means of similar argument that is assumed to be valid.
Ruling Out Alternatives
Reaching a conclusion by ruling out the other options