what is validation?
an automatic computer check to ensure that the data entered is sensible and reasonable
presence check
checks that data has been entered into a field
e.g. in most databases a key field cannot be left blank
range check
check that a value falls within the specified range
e.g. number of hours must be less than 50 and more than 0
length check
checks the data isn’t too short or too long
e.g. a password which needs to be six letters long