validity

Question 1

population validity

Answer 1

• whether u can reasonably generalise the findings from ur sample to larger group of ppl- population

Question 2

internal validity

Answer 2

• a measure of whether results obtained r solely affected by changes in variable being manipulated (eg by independent variable) in a cause n effect relationship
• lab studies usually high in this

Question 3

external validity

Answer 3

• a measure of whether data can be generalised to other situations outside of the research enviroment

Question 4

ecological validity

Answer 4

• a type of external validity that refers to extent to which findings can be generalisedd to real life setting

Question 5

artifical stimuli

Answer 5

• the materials used r made by the researchers n may not be applicable to everyday life

Question 6

independent variable

Answer 6

• variable that the researcher is manipulaing eg amount of caffine given to ppts

Question 7

dependent variable

Answer 7

• the variable being measured by the researcher
  eg amount of letter recalled

Question 8

how we asses validty

concurrent validity

Answer 8

• the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an exisiting similar measure

Question 9

how we asses validty

face validity

Answer 9

• basic form of validity in which a measure is scrutinised to determune whether it appears to measure what its supposed to measure
• eg does a test of anxiety look like it measures anxiety?

Question 10

temporal validity

Answer 10

• the extent to which findings from research study can be generalised to other historical times n eras
• form of external validity
• eg some of freuds concepts eg penis envy r deemed outdated, sexist n reflect patriachal victorian society w/in which he lived

Question 11

what is validity?

Answer 11

• whether a measure actually measures what it claims to be measures
• is the data we r collectinng in a study represent reality?
• is what we found genuine effect or has something interferred w/r results?

Question 12

extraneous variables

Answer 12

• might affect the results

Question 13

confounding variables

Answer 13

• have affected results

Question 14

imporving validity
experiments

Answer 14

• eg using a control group = researcher is better able to assess whether changes in dependent variable were due to effect of independent variable
• or standardise procedures to minimise impact of ppt reactivity n investigator effects on validity of outcome
• eg use single or double blind procedures

Question 15

imporving validty
questionaires

Answer 15

• incorporate a lie scale to asses consistency of respondents response n control effects of social n desirability bias
• further enhanced by assuring respondents all data submitted will remain anonymous

Question 16

imporving validity
observations

Answer 16

• specify behavioural categories to avoid ambiguity n overlapping

Question 17

imporving validity
qualitative research

Answer 17

• have higher ecological valdity than quantitive
• due to depth n detail in case studies n interviews= better reflect ppt reality
• but researcher may still have to demonstrate interpretive validity of their conclusions
  = extent researchers interpretation of events matches their ppts
• validity improved more by triangulation=use of number of diff sources as evidence

Question 18

problems w internal validity

Answer 18

• lack of mundane realism
• extraneous n confounding variable:
  investigator effects
  demand characterstics
  social desribality
  poorly operationalised behavioural categories

Question 19

problems w external validity

Answer 19

• whether we can generalise finding to other ppl (population validity)
• whether we can generalise the findings to other periods of time (temporal validity)
• whether we can generalise to other settings (ecological validity )