validity

Question 1

what is validity

Answer 1

• extent to which an observed effect is genuine
• does it measure what is is supposed to measure

Question 2

what is face validity

Answer 2

• measure is scrutinised to determine whether it appears what it is supposed to measure

Question 2

what is concurrent validity

Answer 2

extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing measure

Question 2

what is ecological validity

Answer 2

extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations

Question 3

what is temporal validity

Answer 3

extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other historical eras

Question 3

what is internal validity

Answer 3

• whether the effects observed in the experiment are due to the manipulation of the IV and not anything else

Question 4

what is external validity

Answer 4

• factors outside the experiment

Question 5

how to improve reliability in experiments

Answer 5

• use a control group
• check if changes in DV are due to IV
• standardise procedures
• minimise investigator effects
• single blind procedure reduces effect of demand characteristics

Question 6

how to improve reliability in questionnaires

Answer 6

• incorporate a lie scale
• control social desirability bias

Question 7

how to improve reliability observations

Answer 7

• behavioural categories have to be well controlled and not overlapping
• covert observations the behaviour of those being observed are likely to be natural and authentic

Question 8

how to improve reliability in qualitative research

Answer 8

• depth and detail in case studies and interviews have high ecological validity