Mid-late diastolic murmur following Opening Snap
Mitral Stenosis
MS worsens with […]
Pregnancy 🤰🏼
Tx: balloon valvuloplasty
Most common type of murmur associated with RHD […]
Mitral Stenosis
Treatment of Mitral Stenosis :
ß- blockers
Diuretics
Anticoagulation (for AF)
Antibiotics (if RHD)
Holosystolic blowing murmur radiates toward axilla :
Mitral regurgitation
What are the etiologies of MR?
Infections ( RHD / IE )
Infarctions
Ischemia
What are the indications of surgical treatment for MR ?
🔘 Acute + hypotension
🔘 Chronic symptomatic
🔘 EF < 60, LVEDP >45
Crescendo-decrescendo ejection murmur radiate to the carotids
Aortic Stenosis
How does AS presents like ?
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea
Aortic stenosis is most likely due to […]
Age-related calcification
Bicuspid aortic valve (in young pt)
Diminished & delayed carotid upstroke seen with […]
AS
“Parvus et tardus”
What is AS treatment :
Surgical : replacement/TAVR
🎈balloon do NOT work ..calcified..
[…] left-sided murmur decrease with handgrip
AS
Early diastolic, decrescendo blowing murmur
Aortic Regurgitation
[…] murmur present with Hyperdynamic pulses like :
- Corrigan pulse 👤
- Quincke pulse 💅🏻
- Durozies sign 🦵🏼
- Muller sign 👄
- De-musset sign 👤
AR
AR treatment:
ACE-i + CCB + Nitrate
Valve replacement
What are the indications of Aortic valve replacement ?
EF<55 or LVEDV>55 mmHg
Symptomatic
What is the effect of valsava of left-sided murmurs ?
🔻Preload
🔻 MR MS AR AS
🔝MVP & HCM
What is the effect of squatting on left-sided murmurs ?
🔺preload & afterload
🔺 MR MS AR AS
✅ MVP & HCM
What is the effect of handgrip on left-sided murmurs ?
🔺afterload
🔻 AS & HCM
Inspiration
[…] right-sided murmur
[…] left-sided murmur
🔺 right-sided murmur
🔻 left-sided murmur
Best diagnostic test for murmurs:
TransThoracic Echo
