add a value to a variable
$x += 10;
subtract a value from a variable
$x -= 10;
increment the value of a variable by 1
++$x;
decrement the value of a variable by 1
–$y;
if (++$x == 10) echo $x;
first increment the value of #x and then test whether it has the value 10; if it does, output its value.
if ($y– == 0) echo $y;
test if the value is equal to 0; if it is output the value, if its not decrement the value of $y by 1