VASODILATORS

Question 1

• ORALLY ACTIVE vasodilator
• DILATES arterioles but NOT veins
• used topically as a stimulant to HAIR GROWTH for correction of baldness (Rogaine)

Answer 1

MINOXIDIL

Question 2

MINOXIDIL

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Answer 2

Hirsutism / Hypertrichosis

used to treat alopecia, 2-3x day

Question 3

• effective in severe hypertension
• when COMBINED with nitrates, it is effective in HEART FAILURE

Answer 3

HYDRALAZINE

Question 4

HYDRALAZINE

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Answer 4

Lupus-like syndrome

Question 5

• Parentally administered vasodilator
• dilates BOTH arterial and venous vessels
• used in treating HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES as well as severe heart failure

Answer 5

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

Question 6

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Answer 6

Methemoglobinemia
Accumulation of CYANIDE

Question 7

good state of iron

Answer 7

FERROUS FE2+

Question 8

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

MOST SERIOUS toxicity

Answer 8

accumulation of cyanide

Question 9

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

DOC for Cyanide poisoning

Answer 9

HYDROXOCOBALAMIN

Question 10

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

DOC for Methemoglobenemia

Answer 10

METHYLENE BLUE

Question 11

• occassionally used to treat HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES
• also used to treat hypoglycemia SECONDARY to INSULINOMA

Answer 11

DIAZOXIDE

Question 12

DIAZOXIDE

ADVERSE EFFECTS

Answer 12

HYPERGLYCEMIA

Question 13

• Dopamine D1 receptor agonist
• activation of dopamine receptor results to RENAL VASODILATION

Answer 13

FENOLDOPAM

Question 14

RYR

Answer 14

Ryanodine REceptor

Question 15

after entering of the Calcium into the L-type calcium channel, it will bind to ____

Answer 15

RYANODINE RECEPTOR

Question 16

if there is calcium, there is ____

Answer 16

contraction

Question 17

excess calcium goes into

Answer 17

SERCA

Question 18

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

can be used as monotherapy

Answer 18

“LAL”
Lercanidipine
Amlodipine - most famous
Lacidipine

Question 19

CCBs are NOT used as monotherapy because it can cause:

2

Answer 19

reflex tachycardia
peripheral edema

Question 20

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

• modified release
• can be used as monotherapy

Answer 20

Nifedipine (Adalat)

Question 21

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

4th generation

Answer 21

Clevidipine

Question 22

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

• CARDIOselective
• effects in the HEART

Answer 22

NON-DIHYDROPYRIDINE

Question 23

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

• VASOselective
• effects in VEINS

Answer 23

DIHYDROPYRIDINE

Question 24

CLINICAL USE OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

Answer 24

supraventricular tachycardia

Question 25

# **CLINICAL USE OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS** spasm of small arteries

Answer 25

RAYNAUD'S SYNDROME

Question 26

Check technique to know if good flowability of blood

Answer 26

capillary refill time

Question 27

they work on RAAS pathway

Answer 27

ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISTS

Question 28

# **ACE INHIBITORS** how to know if in active form

Answer 28

add -at suffix

Question 29

**ACE inhibitors** are ALL ____

Answer 29

PRODRUGS

Question 30

ACE inhibitors that are **NOT** prodrug

Answer 30

Captopril Lisinopril

Question 31

preferable to give because it CANNOT cause **dry cough**

Answer 31

ARBs

Question 32

common SE of ACE inhibs

Answer 32

dry cough

Question 33

* can be used safely in **ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE** patients * MOST EFFECTIVE in conditions associated with **high renin activity** * CHF * Diabetes mellitus

Answer 33

ACE INHIBS

Question 34

* used in patients with **HEART FAILURE** and **CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE**

Answer 34

ARBss

Question 35

# **ANGIOTENSIN ANTAGONISTS** ADVERSE EFFECT

Answer 35

HYPERkalemia Teratogenic