What kind of flow do veins have?
continuous, respiratory phasic flow
What are the walls of a vein?
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica adventitia
What does the tunica adventitia contain?
vasa vasorum
What are bicuspid valves?
- extension of intimal layer
- one way flow
- prevent backflow
- muscles compress to help flow toward heart
What is the lower venous system made up of?
- deep and superficial systems
- perforators
- muscle tributaries
What is the deep venous system?
Vein travels adjacent to major arteries and have the same names, 85% of LE blood volume
What is the superficial system?
Don’t have accompanying artery, 15% of LE blood volume
What are perforators?
connect deep & superficial systems
What are muscle tributaries?
Drain muscle tissues
What are S&S of acute DVT?
- pain, cramping
- swelling
- redness, erythema
What are S&S of chronic DVT?
> 2 months
- similar to acute
- discoloration of skin
What are S&S of venous ulceration/stasis ulcers?
- result of chronic DVT
- veins become scarred/smaller, resulting in inefficiency
What are pre-disposing factors to venous pathologies?
- age
- cancer
- bed rest/inactivity
- prior DVT
- trauma
- hormones
- paraplegia
- surgery
- pregnancy
- thrombophlebitis
What is Virchow’s Triad?
Factors that contribute to formation of thrombus
- stasis
- hypercoagulability
- vessel wall injury
What are causes of UEV DVT?
- IV drug use
- dialysis access
- PICC line/port
What must be done if a clot is seen in the CFV?
Evaluate EIV and IVC for extension into pelvis/abdomen
If any segment of a vein in non-compressible, what should be done differently?
Augmentation will not be done because it can loosen a thrombus and cause it to embolize
Why is augmentation done?
to evaluate valve competency
A thrombus in a superficial vein is considered a DVT when it is how close to a major vein?
within 2 cm of the junction of a major vein
Where are the gastroc veins seen?
Branching off Pop vein, medial gastroc branches first, lateral gastroc branches slightly inferior to medial
The Pop vein will divide into what?
PTVs more superficial, peroneals deeper, more posterior
Where does the venous system originate?
Distal tissues/capillary networks
Where does the venous system terminate?
Heart
What veins are part of the superficial system?
- digital
- metatarsal
- plantar arches
- med and lat gastrocs
- profunda
- GSV
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Abdominal Composition and Vasculature49
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Final299
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Thyroid & Parathryoid89
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Scrotum & Prostate140
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Liver Pathology75
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Abdominal Doppler26
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Biliary System112
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Spleen Patho & Lymphatic112
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Pancreatic & Adrenal84
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Abdominal Contents9
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Renal & Urinary185
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Venous System26
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Abdomen & Small Parts Final260
