ventilation operations

Question 1

1. of all the task that a truck company is responsible for ____ is typically considered the most critical

Answer 1

ventilation (7)

Question 2

2. there are various ways to remove smoke from a building which can be divided into 2 basic categories what are they

Answer 2

horizontal and vertical ventilation (7)

Question 3

3. __ ___ knowledge is the core of successful truck company operations and a firm understanding of it is mandatory

Answer 3

building construction (9)

Question 4

4. type I construction is

Answer 4

fire resistive (10)

Question 5

5. ___ ___ building construction is defined as building whose structural members including walls, columns, beams floors and roofs are made of noncombustible or limited combustible materials usually reinforced concrete and or steel

Answer 5

type I construction (10)

Question 6

6. ___ beam construction is one type of construction used in creating a fire resistive building as it is a highly versatile material with equal strength in compression and tension

Answer 6

metal (10)

Question 7

7. since steel is not __ __ it is usually coated with a sprayed on fire retardant material. the steel skeleton of these buildings is then finished with an exterior of concrete masonry, glass, or similar materials

Answer 7

fire resistant (10)

Question 8

8. the hazarders associated with type___ construction are vertical extension of and smoke, falling panels of glass or building materials, and steel susceptibility to fire

Answer 8

I (10)

Question 9

9. concrete is inherently noncombustible with good thermal insulation properties. the main issue with concrete is that although it has high compression strength it is very weak in __ strength and has poor shear resistance

Answer 9

tensile (10)

Question 10

10. to compensate for the tensile weakness concrete is reinforced with __ to create a composite material. the concrete provides the compressive strength while the ___ provides the tensile strength

Answer 10

steel (10)

Question 11

11. fire resistive requirements for type I construction are:

bearing walls, columns and beams are required to have a fire resistance rating of __ -__ hours

Answer 11

3 to 4 (11)

Question 12

12. fire resistive requirements for type I construction are:

___ construction is required to have a fire resistance rating of 2-3 hours

Answer 12

floor (11)

Question 13

13. fire resistive requirements for type I construction are:
    __ construction is required to have a fire resistance rating of 1-2 hours

Answer 13

roof (11)

Question 14

14. building code may permit roofs to be unprotected noncombustible if they are a certain

Answer 14

height above the floor (11)

Question 15

15. fire resistive requirements for type I construction are:
    partitions that separate occupancies or tenants may also be required to have a fire resistance rating of typically

Answer 15

1 -2 hours (11)

Question 16

16. fire resistive requirements for type I construction are:
    interior ______ enclosing stairwells and corridors will also be required to have fire resistance ratings

Answer 16

partitions (11)

Question 17

17. the primary hazards associated with type I fire resistive buildings include: that most of these buildings are high rises, hospitals and jails presenting a significant ___ threat

Answer 17

life (11)

Question 18

18. the primary hazards associated with type I fire resistive buildings include: ____ and ____ issues as fire crews compete with occupants for the hallways, stairwells and elevators

Answer 18

access and egress (11)

Question 19

19. the primary hazards associated with type I fire resistive buildings include:_____ on the fire floor may be delayed and difficult

Answer 19

ventilation (11)

Question 20

20. the primary hazards associated with type I fire resistive buildings include: ___ ___ may be an issue as standpipes may be damaged, tampered or inadequately supplied

Answer 20

water supply (11)

Question 21

21. the primary hazards associated with type I fire resistive buildings include: significant __ __ due to the contents contained within the structure

Answer 21

fire load (11)

Question 22

22. type II construction

Answer 22

noncombustible (12)

Question 23

23. type II is similar to type I fire resistive except that the degree if fire resistance is ___

Answer 23

lower (12)

Question 24

24. the steel used in type __ may protected or unprotected

Answer 24

II (12)

Question 25

25. in type II materials with __ fire resistance rating such as untreated wood may be used in limited quantities

Answer 25

no (12)

Question 26

26. the primary hazards associated with type II construction include: the ___ of the building

Answer 26

contents (12)

Question 27

27. the primary hazards associated with type II construction include: structural components susceptibility to failure due to ___ ___ from a fire

Answer 27

high (12)

Question 28

28. the primary hazards associated with type II construction include: combustible materials on the ___ can cause the entire ___ to become involved in fire

Answer 28

roof (12)

Question 29

29. tactical considerations should be given to cooling the exposed or impinged upon __ members as soon as possible to avoid structural collapse

Answer 29

steel (12)

Question 30

30. factors affecting structural collapse in type II construction include what

Answer 30

ceiling height dimension of unprotected members intensity and duration of exposure (12)

Question 31

31. ___ ___ are found in both type I and type II construction and is a term used to describe a building façade, which does not carry any load from the building other than its own weight; they transfer horizontal loads that are placed on the building to the main structure through connections at the floors and columns

Answer 31

curtain wall (12)

Question 32

32. ff should be aware that curtain walls may create a __ space that will allow the fire to be transmitted vertically to another floor

Answer 32

void (12)

Question 33

33. type II construction

Answer 33

ordinary (13)

Question 34

34. ___ is defined as a structure whose exterior walls and structural members are mad of noncombustible or limited combustible materials

Answer 34

type III ordinary (13)

Question 35

35. these buildings are usually constructed with exterior walls of masonry, however from a technical standpoint, any noncombustible material with the required fire resistance could be used.

Answer 35

type III ordinary (13)

Question 36

36. the interior structural members of type III including walls, columns, beams floors and roofs are completely or partially constructed of wood or combustible material. the fire resistance rating on interior bearing walls, columns, beams, girder, floor and roof construction will vary from ___ to ___ hour

Answer 36

0-1 (13)

Question 37

37. ___ __ - ___ are some of the most recognizable examples of ordinary or type III construction

Answer 37

concrete tilt-up (13)

Question 38

38. ___ - ___ ___ ___ is concrete molded at the location in which it is expected to remain

Answer 38

cast in place concrete (13)

Question 39

39. __-__ __ this concrete type has been cast at a location other than the place where it is to remain. the pre-casting may be done at the construction site, at a plant miles away, examples include block and brick as well as parking garage structures and drainage lines

Answer 39

pre cast concrete (13)

Question 40

40. __________ these are strengthening processes by which steel tendons or rods are placed under tension, drawing the anchors together. by tensioning the steel it places the concrete in compression thereby increasing its tensile strength

Answer 40

pre-tension and posttension concrete (13)

Question 41

41. ____ this a process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish. this technique avoids the problem of joining new concrete to concrete already poured, known as cold joint

Answer 41

continuous casting (13)

Question 42

42. ____ this technique entails pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting may be accomplished

Answer 42

continuous slip forming (13)

Question 43

43. ___ __ a method where all the concrete in a building is properly bonded together the resultant structure can be likened to one piece of stone

Answer 43

monolithic construction (13)

Question 44

44. a ___ is a beam projected from a substantial distance beyond the point of support and are often found on apartment buildings for elevated walkways or balconies

Answer 44

cantilevers (14)

Question 45

45. _______ are an architectural detail added to a building to serve 2 main purposes: creates more curb appeal and provides weather protection for customers

Answer 45

mansards (14)

Question 46

46. incident commanders should mae it a priority to have ___ companies check the conditions inside the mansard early.

Answer 46

truck (15)

Question 47

47. if heavy fire is located within the mansard the ic may want to consider

Answer 47

defensive ooperations (15)

Question 48

48. type IV construction

Answer 48

heavy timber (16)

Question 49

49. in type ___ construction, the beams columns, floors and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with dimensional lumber greater than type III and void spaces between structural members are not permitted

Answer 49

IV (16)

Question 50

50. due to the dimensional lumber, the primary fire hazard of type IV construction is the massive amount of

Answer 50

fuel (16)

Question 51

51. type V construction

Answer 51

lightweight (17)

Question 52

52. type ___ construction is also known as lightweight or wood frame construction.

Answer 52

V (17)

Question 53

53. in conventional construction the members relied on their size for strength. in ___ construction the strength of the individual structural member is dependent on the total sum of the other members, if one member fails they all fail

Answer 53

lightweight (17)

Question 54

54. with few exceptions 2x3" and 2x4" are the standard for lightweight construction whereas conventional construction will utilize a minimum of ___ " construction

Answer 54

2x6 (18)

Question 55

55. type V construction general consists of 2 major types of framing

Answer 55

platform and balloon (20)

Question 56

56. ____ construction is when a building is built one floor at a time

Answer 56

platform (20)

Question 57

57. one benefit of platform construction is that it prevents vertical fire spread through ___ spaces created in the walls, whereas balloon framing does not

Answer 57

void (20)

Question 58

58. ___ framing is when the studs run 2 or more stories high without a fire stop

Answer 58

balloon (20)

Question 59

59. __ ___ __ consist of an insulating foam core sandwiched between 2 sheets of OSB

Answer 59

structural insulated panels (21)

Question 60

60. veneers are a ___ of masonry attached to the outside of a building, but not carrying any load other that its own weight. or a single width masonry wall, a minimum of 2 inches thick

Answer 60

Wythe (21)

Question 61

61. a brick veneer can often be identified by its lack of a __ row which is placed every 5 to 7 rows

Answer 61

header (21)

Question 62

traditionally, buildings made of brick offered both structural integrity and prevented vertical extension through the wall by the alternating pattern in which the bricks are laid. this is not the case with todays veneers as they offer no structural support and provide a ___ space behind the wythe

Answer 62

void (22)

Question 63

63. the ability to accurately estimate the amount of time that a structure can be considered structurally sound is dependent on the following 3 factors

Answer 63

``` type of construction how long the fire has been burning fire intensity (24) ```

Question 64

64. the following are characteristics of what type of construction: the structure will not contribute to fire and load bearing members are protected and fires will likely involve only the contents

Answer 64

type I fire resistive (24)

Question 65

65. the following are characteristics of what type of construction: structure will not contribute fuel to fire, unprotected steel columns, steel bar joist trusses are common

Answer 65

type II non combustible (24)

Question 66

66. the following are characteristics of what type of construction: exterior walls will not contribute fuel to fire, fire load varies by occupancy, tilt up panelized f=roof system is common example

Answer 66

type III (24)

Question 67

67. the following are characteristics of what type of construction: exterior walls will not contribute fuel, interior load bearing members will contribute fuel

Answer 67

type IV (24)

Question 68

68. the following are characteristics of what type of construction: entire structure can contribute to fire, if not conventional expect lightweight floor and roof systems, offensive exterior attack can be a safer tactic if structural integrity is questionable

Answer 68

type V (24)

Question 69

69. the following are hazards associated with what type of construction: typically multi story structures, access/egress issues, difficult to ventilate.\, large open areas = large fire load

Answer 69

type I (24)

Question 70

70. the following are hazards associated with what type of construction: unprotected load bearing structural members and heavy fire load result in early collapse, high rack storage

Answer 70

type II (24)

Question 71

71. the following are hazards associated with what type of construction: how walls are tied to interior of unreinforced masonry is critical, interior partitions are fuel, less mass = less time, lightweight floor and roof systems

Answer 71

type III (24)

Question 72

72. the following are hazards associated with what type of construction: more mass = more time, but scrutinize connections, multiple interconnected voids, suspended loads

Answer 72

type IV (24)

Question 73

the following are hazards associated with what type of construction: less mass = less time, open stairwells and large open attics contribute to rapid fire growth, lightweight floor systems can create horizontal spread

Answer 73

type V (24)

Question 74

74. ____ trusses are constructed of wood, steel, or a combination of both with the structural members consisting of a series of triangles in a single plane

Answer 74

lightweight (25)

Question 75

75. the top cord of a truss is under ___

Answer 75

compression (25)

Question 76

76. the bottom cord of a truss is under ___

Answer 76

tension (25)

Question 77

77. due to the multiples forces at work in these systems, consider the strong area of truss construction to be where the trusses cross or

Answer 77

terminate on the outside bearing walls (25)

Question 78

78. though most trusses perform the same a truss that is ___ out performs in reverse beyond the point of support the tension is in the top cord and compression in the bottom cord

Answer 78

cantilevered (25)

Question 79

79. the pitch is determined by the ___ in inches over a __ or distance from a wall

Answer 79

rise, run (26)

Question 80

80. roofs that have a pitch greater than 6:12 may require the use of a __ __ to provide additional footing when vertically ventilating

Answer 80

roof ladder (26)

Question 81

81. ___ are probably the most common pitched roof found in the las vegas valley

Answer 81

gable (27)

Question 82

82. a ___ roof is formed by 2 inclined roof surfaces meeting at a high point forming a ridge and can be found in conventional or lightweight construction

Answer 82

gable (27)

Question 83

83. while conventional methods of construction rely on the size of the members to support the load, lightweight trusses rely on the combined strengths of all ___ to support the same load

Answer 83

trusses (27)

Question 84

84. the strong areas of gable roofs are the ___ and the areas where the rafter cross the outside walls

Answer 84

ridge (28)

Question 85

85. __ type trusses are the most common truss used in residential construction as they allow for vaulted ceilings and large expanses

Answer 85

scissors (28)

Question 86

86. what is the weakest link of the truss

Answer 86

gusset plate (28)

Question 87

87. ___ this type of roof is commonly use in conjunction with gable roofs and there is no a frame configuration

Answer 87

hip (29)

Question 88

88. ff working on a roof must know that the strongest parts of the a hip roof are the

Answer 88

ridges valleys and outside wall (29)

Question 89

89. truss ___ may be placed between the truss members to provide for truss stabilization

Answer 89

blocking (29)

Question 90

90. flat roofs fall into 3 categories what are they

Answer 90

rafters, trussed and panelized (31)

Question 91

92. Trussed flat roofs are divided into what 3 categories

Answer 91

open web truss system wood bar joist systems wood i joist systems (32)

Question 92

93. ____ are common lightweight option for contractors to consider when building a flat roof in the las vegas area. they may be installed where the top chord is attached to the wall and the bottom cord is left unsupported hanging free

Answer 92

open web trusses (32)

Question 93

94. open web truss roofs are commonly constructed with 2x4 top chord bottom chord and web members and typically spaced 24" apart. a common failure point in these trusses is the

Answer 93

connection point (32)

Question 94

96. ____ are trusses constructed with a parallel top and bottom chord of wood with tubular steel webbing placed in the middle. the steel web members are prefabricated into 1-2" cold rolled steel tubing with the ends pressed flat and holes punched through the ends

Answer 94

wood bar joist systems (33)

Question 95

97. wood bar joist roofs are commonly constructed with trusses __ inches apart

Answer 95

24 (33)

Question 96

98. _____ commonly referred to truss joist beams are being used as roof joist and floor joist and are constructed with parallel running top and bottom chords of 2x4 and a piece of 1/2" plywood or osb standing vertical between the top and bottom chords

Answer 96

wood i joist systems (34)

Question 97

99. in wood I joist systems the top cord is under load which offers a bridging effect causing the top cord to be in compression and the bottom chord member to be in ___

Answer 97

tension (34)

Question 98

100. wood I joist will fail within __ minutes after coming in contact with direct flame

Answer 98

6 (34)

Question 99

101. these roofs are generally constructed on wood, masonry or concrete slab tilt up buildings. it is used when large unobstructed open spaces are needed such as gyms, grocery stores or warehouses

Answer 99

panelized flat roofs (35)

Question 100

``` 102. these roofs are uniquely made of 4 components: beams (laminated or steel) purlins (laminated, steel or truss) rafters (2x4 wood) decking (1/2 in. plywood or OSB) ```

Answer 100

panelized flat roofs (35)

Question 101

103. panelized roof beams may be supported by 4" hollow ___ post. the danger of these post is that they can become weakened and fail causing large portions of the roof to collapse

Answer 101

steel (35)

Question 102

104. Arched roof, commonly referred to as ___ roof is considered one of the most dangerous roof systems that ff will encounter

Answer 102

bowstring (37)

Question 103

105. when smoke is larger than the fire ___ operations are generally considered safe

Answer 103

offensive (38)

Question 104

106. if the fire is larger that n the smoke it is time to strongly consider ___ operations

Answer 104

defensive (39)

Question 105

107. what are the 2 basic categories of arched roofs

Answer 105

trussed arch roofs | tied arched roofs (39)

Question 106

108. ____ are a webbed truss system which includes a bottom chord, web member and an arched top chord

Answer 106

trussed arched roofs (40)

Question 107

109. trussed arch roofs are constructed with large ___ ___ that distribute the load throughout the truss

Answer 107

web members (40)

Question 108

110. the strength of a arched roof is dependent on the ___ or the lumber utilized and the span of the trusses

Answer 108

size (41)

Question 109

111. _____ are constructed using an arched top chord, contain no web members and include a metal tie rod and turnbuckle that tie the two ends of the arched top chord together

Answer 109

tied arched roofs (42)

Question 110

112. ______ are identified by the steel cable that ties the ends of the arch together. these tie rods are usually 5/8" in diameter and may or may not pass through the exterior walls

Answer 110

tie arched roofs (44)

Question 111

113. in tied arched roofs ___ are used below each arch member to ensure the proper tension is maintained on the tie rod

Answer 111

turnbuckle (44)

Question 112

114. in tied arched roofs the tie rods which are under tension provide ___ support for the exterior walls and prevent the arches, which are in compression from pushing the exterior walls outward and collapsing the building

Answer 112

lateral (44)

Question 113

115. straight sheathing was utilized prior to 1933 and diagonal sheathing was used after 1933. the importance of knowing pre 1933 construction is that straight sheathing is prone to ______

Answer 113

early collapse (44)

Question 114

116. the hazards of a tied arch truss roof lay in the early failure of the ___ and ___

Answer 114

metal tie rods and turnbuckles (44)

Question 115

117. the greatest hazard with ____ roofs is that when the metal tie rods, anchor points or turnbuckles are heated to their failure point the walls can suddenly kick out and cause a catastrophic collapse of the roof and walls

Answer 115

tie arched (44)

Question 116

tie arch roofs gain their strength from the steel __ and connecting points. interior crews must inform the roof crew if the arch is a tied arch

Answer 116

turnbuckle (44)

Question 117

119. roof ___ is the first layer of the roof installed over the joist or rafters. plywood construction is used

Answer 117

sheathing (47)

Question 118

120. the advantages of ___ are that they are not engineered with glues and resin, so they typically last longer under fire conditions

Answer 118

planking (48)

Question 119

121. the layer after the sheathing and is the underlayment for many types of roof coverings

Answer 119

felt (48)

Question 120

122. the strongest points on tile roofs are the

Answer 120

ridges and valleys (50)

Question 121

123. ____ is an insulated board made of particle board with insulation built into it. it is available in several thicknesses, found on commercial buildings and is not uncommon to encounter 6" thick material

Answer 121

celtox (51)

Question 122

124. _____ is a very common material applied over the plywood/osb decking of a flat roof on commercial buildings, membranes are glued in place and sometimes heated with a torch to ensure a quality seal

Answer 122

rubberized membrane (52)

Question 123

125. ____ has excellent insulating properties making it a great roofing material. generally tar is placed over the decking material and then the foam is applied over the top

Answer 123

spray foam (54)

Question 124

126. ______ and ___ are designed to remain freestanding even if the adjacent structure collapses, to withstand expansion of the adjacent structure that accompanies the heat generated by fire, they are usually thicker than walls that are not intended to stop fire

Answer 124

firewall and standard firewall (55)

Question 125

127. _____ is a freestanding masonry or concrete wall with no openings. it can be designed to have as much as a 4 hour fire resistance rating

Answer 125

standard firewall (55)

Question 126

128. the standard firewall is designed to contain a fire within the area of origin even after

Answer 126

ff efforts and sprinklers have failed (55)

Question 127

129. standard firewalls must extend vertically and continuously through all stories of the building and through the roof to form at least a ___ foot parapet over the highest point in the roof or of any structure within 25 feet of the firewall

Answer 127

3 feet (55)

Question 128

standard firewalls must a 3-6 foot long __ a 30' long end wall or a 3' long extension wall as needed.

Answer 128

wing wall (55)

Question 129

131. this type of firewall has no ties to the building other than flashing at the roof as required to prevent moisture intrusion into the building. this type of wall can be constructed of brick concrete or concrete masonry units and is usually located at a building expansion joint

Answer 129

freestanding firewall (56)

Question 130

132. typically a freestanding wall is strengthened internally with reinforcement or ____ may be used to provide the required strength

Answer 130

pilasters (56)

Question 131

133. this type of firewall consists of masonry or other rated construction materials that either encases or is tied to the structural framing. these types of walls are integral with and therefore supported by the structural framework

Answer 131

tied firewalls (56)

Question 132

134. this type of wall includes 2 one way rated fire walls which have exposed structural framing on one side. the one way walls are placed back to back with a minimum of 7" separation between them and are most commonly built when a firewall is required to separate an existing structure from a new building

Answer 132

double one way fire walls (56)

Question 133

135. with double one way fire walls each wall must have a minimum fire resistance rating of __ hours

Answer 133

3 (56)

Question 134

136. ____ typically have lower fire resistance rating than firewall; however they must also be designed and constructed according to specifications established by nationally recognized laboratories.

Answer 134

fire barriers (56)

Question 135

137. fire barriers are typically used to subdivide ___ and can be attached to or supported by structural members

Answer 135

floors (56)

Question 136

138. fire barriers which are typically rated for 2 to 3 hours fire resistance are usually ____ walls that extend from the floor to floor or floor to roof

Answer 136

non load bearing (56)

Question 137

139. ____ restrict the initial flow of heat within the area of origin and thereby help limit the actuation of sprinklers outside the fire zone

Answer 137

fire barriers (56)

Question 138

140. a fire barrier helps to supplement the ___ system

Answer 138

sprinkler (56)

Question 139

141. ____ subdivide areas within a building and can be attached to and supported by adjacent structural members, they extend to the ceiling only and are constructed of less fire resistive materials than fire barriers

Answer 139

partitions (57)

Question 140

142. ___ typically only have a 1 - 2 hour fire resistance rating

Answer 140

fire partition (57)

Question 141

143. a fire resistant, rated wall having protected openings, which restricts the spread of fire and extends continuously from the foundation to or through the roof with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow the collapse of the existing construction on either side of the wall to occur without allowing collapse of the wall

Answer 141

firewall (58)

Question 142

144. firewalls are necessary for what 2 primary reasons

Answer 142

contain fires and subsequently limit property damage | protect the building occupants (59

Question 143

145. a fire wall is primarily categorized by how well and how long it is able to

Answer 143

withstand fire (59)

Question 144

146. a ___ is designed to remain freestanding even if the adjacent structure collapses, to withstand the expansion of the adjacent structure that accompanies the heat generated by a fire

Answer 144

fire wall (60)

Question 145

147. firewalls are usually thicker than walls that are intended to act as fire stops only. if a firewall is of considerable height and length, __ or ___ may be required to provide adequate lateral stability

Answer 145

buttresses or pilasters (60)

Question 146

148. fire stops, fire barriers and fire partitions can be used to subdivide portions of the building contained by a __

Answer 146

firewall (61)

Question 147

149. a ___ __ is a freestanding masonry or concrete wall with no openings, it can be designed to have as much as a 4 hour fire resistance rating. the standard firewall is designed to contain a fire within the area of origin even after ff efforts have failed

Answer 147

standard firewall (62)

Question 148

150. __ walls or __ walls are blank masonry or concrete structures that prevent a fire from passing around or through the adjacent firewalls

Answer 148

end or wing (63)

Question 149

151. a ___ is similar to a standard firewall, but has protected openings and can have up to a 3- 4 hour fire resistance rating

Answer 149

firewall (64)

Question 150

152. typically a freestanding wall is strengthened internally with reinforcement or _____ may be used to provide the required strength

Answer 150

pilasters (64)

Question 151

153. ___ are typically used to subdivide floors and can be attached to or supported by structural members, are typically rated for 2-3 hours fire resistance, non load bearing, and extend from the floor to floor or floor to roof

Answer 151

fire barriers (73)

Question 152

154. ____ subdivide areas within a building and can be attached to and supported by adjacent structural members, extend to the ceiling only and are constructed of less fire-resistive materials than fire barriers

Answer 152

fire partitions (75)

Question 153

155. the biggest cause of firewall failure is unprotected or improperly protected ___

Answer 153

openings (doorways, conveyors and other similar penetrations (76)

Question 154

156. turbine ventilators are referred to as roof turbines and are a form of ____ ventilation

Answer 154

mechanical (83)

Question 155

157. when personnel encounter turbine ventilators they should be

Answer 155

left in place (83)

Question 156

158. should powered roof vents be removed if vertical ventilation is required

Answer 156

yes (84)

Question 157

159. ___ vents are located on a high portion of the wall near the peak under the eave.

Answer 157

gable (84)

Question 158

160. __ vents are located under the eaves at the bottom of the attic space and provide a an opening from the outside to the attic space

Answer 158

eave (84)

Question 159

161. ____ vents are placed on the ridge of the roof, with truss construction these vents will be placed between the trusses and should be removal should be considered when vertical ventilation is required

Answer 159

ridge (85)

Question 160

162. ___ these vents are placed on the roof as either an intake or exhaust vent, they may be removed if vertical ventilation needed, when these vents are located near the ridge they are exhaust and when they are located near the eaves they are intake

Answer 160

dormer (85)

Question 161

163. on commercial occupancies the skylight serves two functions what are they

Answer 161

provide natural light | ventilation during normal operation and fire conditions (86)

Question 162

164. truck companies are not repair personnel; we are there to investigate a possible source of smoke isolate ___ extinguish any active fire and check for extension

Answer 162

power (88)

Question 163

165. a daily practice of ___ will reinforce the basic size up skills needed to become an efficient truck company

Answer 163

walking roofs (92)

Question 164

166. a coordinated approach with all truck companies to complete this task will allow for the sharing of the information gained and develop ____ of the truck companies

Answer 164

esprit de corps (92)

Question 165

167. a systematic ___ consistently applied to each building will allow a rapid accurate, ongoing assessment of the roof and fire conditions

Answer 165

size up (92)

Question 166

168. ___ is a tool to aide you in the decision making process that should be performed automatically and should not delay roof operations

Answer 166

roof size up(92)

Question 167

169. in a roof size up all 8 items will be considered only the ___ will be reported

Answer 167

pertinent negatives(92)

Question 168

170. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: flat, pitched, arched asphalt, metal, tile, wood shake previous knowledge/preplan

Answer 168

type of roof (93)

Question 169

171. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: is smoke visible from exhaust fans/vents or from the structure are gable ends, eave vents, or attic vents showing smoke are skylights venting is smoke visible from multiple vents or ares

Answer 169

vents present and operating (93)

Question 170

172. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: stable/unstable is smoke light/passive or heavy pressurized is roof on fire or is there flame in the convection column is the decking or structural members on fire is there a partial collapse

Answer 170

conditions of roof (93)

Question 171

173. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: location of roof appliances where are interior crews in relation where to avoid positioning crews is there a fire isolated to the roof appliance

Answer 171

concentrated loads (93)

Question 172

174. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: are firewalls present where to place trench operations smoke showing from one area consider attic partitions

Answer 172

firewalls or partitions (93)

Question 173

175. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: unusual layout hazards exposures or add ons not visible to the ic

Answer 173

basic blue print (93)

Question 174

176. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: nothing showing roof sound standing by for report from interior cutting an inspection hole to determine construction type and involvement cutting a heat hole/trench cut and additional resources operation complete and exiting hole complete, par in safe area, standing by waiting for report from interior roof unsafe abandon the building

Answer 174

action being taken (94)

Question 175

177. when looking at ___ the following should be reported: lightweight or conventional direction of trusses above the fire compartment where should interior crews be position for trench cut coordination

Answer 175

truss type and direction (94)

Question 176

reporting the ___ will help paint the picture to command and other units as to the amount of attic space that could be concealing hidden fire, probable roofing material used, potential hazards of falling roof tiles and amount of time that will be needed to complete the vent holes

Answer 176

roof type (95)

Question 177

179. reporting on presence of smoke coming from certain vents can assist the IC in developing an ___

Answer 177

IAP (96)

Question 178

180. smoke conditions and reading smoke is paramount for the truck company officer and crew. the key is to identify ____ __ and ___

Answer 178

location, color and velocity (97)

Question 179

181. pressurized smoke from all sides indicates a fully charged attic. this coupled with reported light smoke on the interior is a warning sign that the fire is most likely in the attic and ___ measures should be considered

Answer 179

defensive (97)

Question 180

182. ___ is an indicator of what is burning

Answer 180

color of smoke (97)

Question 181

183. ___ is characterized by thick black smoke that will violently flash at lower temperatures then previously found in flashovers

Answer 181

petro-chemical (97)

Question 182

184. ___ is directly related to temperature, as smoke temperatures increase so does the pressure in the container, resulting in the boiling appearance of the smoke

Answer 182

velocity (97)

Question 183

185. ___ or passive smoke usually indicates a smoldering slow moving fire wheras heavy pressurized smoke indicates a rapid burning fire

Answer 183

light (98)

Question 184

186. knowing where firewalls are located will help determine where to deploy the ___ and also helps the ic in developing an IAP

Answer 184

aerial ladder (100)

Question 185

187. ____ are made of sheet rock and do not extend completely through the roofing material

Answer 185

fire partitions (100)

Question 186

188. if smoke and fire conditions warrant roof crews should quickly perform an inspection hole to determine the ___ and truss material used

Answer 186

decking (103)

Question 187

189. identifying the ___ type will help the ic estimate the amount of time crews can safely operate under and on the roof

Answer 187

truss (103)

Question 188

190. the truss __ is more important consideration when operating at commercial buildings. this may assist in determining what areas are under a common roof system on strip malls and how the building may collapse if one end of the truss fails

Answer 188

direction (103)

Question 189

191. lightweight decking such as ___ is an excellent indicator that lightweight trusses or wooden I beams are present

Answer 189

OSB (103)

Question 190

192. larger dimensional lumber such as 1x6 or 2x6 material used as roof sheathing indicates that the roof is ___ constructed with substantially larger rafters and will usually allow for more time before collapse

Answer 190

conventionally (103)

Question 191

193. __ __ used as roof decking is a good indicator that open web bar joists are used as the truss system and these can fail quickly under high heat conditions

Answer 191

corrugated metal (103)

Question 192

194. a basic rule is to place defensively and work

Answer 192

offensively (104)

Question 193

195. when laddering the roof you should attempt to place ladders at the __ points of the structures which is close to a corner in most cases

Answer 193

strongest (105)

Question 194

196. there should be a minimum of __ ladders in place whenever personnel are operating on the roof

Answer 194

2 (106)

Question 195

197. ladders should be extended at least __ rungs above the roof line. this will help crew members locate the ladder for egress in smoky conditions

Answer 195

3 (106)

Question 196

198. when it comes to the need for using a 35' ladder the time needed to get to the roof becomes almost equal for the 35' ladder and the ___

Answer 196

aerial device (107)

Question 197

199. when climbing an extension ground ladder for roof operations it is recommended that no more than __ person be on each section of the ladder at a time

Answer 197

1 (108)

Question 198

200. aerial ladders should position near the ____ of buildings to provide access to 2 sides of the buildings

Answer 198

corners (109)

Question 199

201. sizing up roof and determining if it is safe is the responsibility of the ____ but the ultimately falls on the shoulders of the ___

Answer 199

entire crew | captain (112)

Question 200

202. by having the captain to the roof first the ___ process can begin immediately to determine if roof operations are a go or no go

Answer 200

roof size up (112)

Question 201

203. the second person on the roof should be the

Answer 201

lead saw (112)

Question 202

204. after the crew gathers tools they will ___ prior to climbing the ladder

Answer 202

turn saws off (112)

Question 203

205. the 3rd person on the roof is the

Answer 203

back up person (113)

Question 204

206. upon accessing the roof the captain should sound an approximately __ area directly around the tip of the ladder to serve as a safe area for the remainder of his crew to stand upon accessing the roof

Answer 204

10 x 10 (114)

Question 205

207. when operating on residential roofs the safest places to walk are usually over the ___. on pitched roof they are usually 2 feet in from the eaves. other safe areas include ridges peaks and valleys

Answer 205

exterior walls (115)

Question 206

208. when operating on commercial roofs the safest areas to walk are usually over exterior walls. you can also look for signs of structural members such as __ or __which maybe visible

Answer 206

beams or purlins (115)

Question 207

209. when working near the roof edge a__ is needed

Answer 207

back up person (115)

Question 208

210. when the wind changes the smoke direction and impairs your ability to see stop operations and wait for the wind to shift again. the saw operators must let the saws return to idle and ___ when this brief pause in operation occurs

Answer 208

set the chain brake (116)

Question 209

211. when starting your cut hold the saw with the bar at a ___ angle

Answer 209

45 degree (122)

Question 210

212. the should be throttled up to ___ speed before the chain touches the deck

Answer 210

full (122)

Question 211

213. as the chain makes its way through the decking material pivot the saw to a ___ angle. holding the bar perpendicular to the decking will provide for a better feel of the rafters

Answer 211

90 degree (122)

Question 212

214. we only approx. ___ " of the bar inserted into the roof material

Answer 212

3-4" (123)

Question 213

215. the back up person should not hold too tightly as this can throw the saw operator off balance. your main function is to keep the saw operator from ____

Answer 213

stepping off the roof or into an unstable area (125)

Question 214

216. what are the 2 speeds the saw runs at during cutting operations

Answer 214

full throttle | idle (126)

Question 215

217. cut with the bar ___ to the decking material for maximum rafter feel. use 4 inches of the bar/chain when cutting; too deep will catch electrical conduit, piping and ac ducting

Answer 215

perpendicular (126)

Question 216

218. stay 3-4" inside the rafters when making parallel cuts to avoid contacting ____

Answer 216

metal hangers (126)

Question 217

219. for residential structures, we will primarily use either a __ or _ cut

Answer 217

``` one truss louver standard louver (128) ```

Question 218

220. cuts sequences will generally be divided into 2 categories, what are they

Answer 218

cuts with construction | cuts against construction (128)

Question 219

221. ventilation holes where the completed rectangle is make with the longest cuts running parallel with the rafters are considered cuts

Answer 219

with construction (128)

Question 220

222. ventilation holes where the completed rectangle is made with the longest cuts running perpendicular to the rafters are considered cuts

Answer 220

against construction (128)

Question 221

223. all of our cuts should focus on the ___ the cut section as a 1st option and then removing the cut section onto the roof as a second option

Answer 221

louvering (129)

Question 222

224. for a residential structure ___ should be considered the minimum initial size hole. if after the initial hole is made there is thick pressurized smoke continuously boiling out then the hole needs to be bigger

Answer 222

4 x8 (129)

Question 223

225. the vertical ventilation operation is not complete until ___ __ is achieved

Answer 223

effective ventilation (129)

Question 224

``` 226. the purpose of an ___ ___ is to assist the roof crew in determining: type and direction of the rafters type of decking material fire conditions roof operations are a go or no go ```

Answer 224

inspection hole (130)

Question 225

227. the ______ is a ventilation hole made parallel to or with construction. this hole can be used on a pitched or flat roof and is usually performed with one saw and is common for lightweight roofs

Answer 225

residential one truss (131)

Question 226

228. the ___ is a ventilation hole made perpendicular to or against construction. this hole can be used on a pitched or flat roof and is usually performed with one saw is common for lightweight roofs

Answer 226

standard louver (132)

Question 227

229. a____ is a technique used when the saw operator is unable to identify the location of the roof members or the roof members are running in multiple directions eliminating the option of a louver cut

Answer 227

skim cut (135)

Question 228

230. this cut is used primarily on flat roofs that have multiple layers of roof coverings or roofs where thick foam is used, where the type of structural supports cannot be easily sounded or located

Answer 228

skim cuts (135)

Question 229

231. the skim cut is a series of approx.. ___ cuts placed next to each other that when combined make an adequate sized vent opening

Answer 229

2 x 2 (135)

Question 230

232. the main reason for locating the roof trusses are to determine where to start your initial cut and to know where to __ while performing vertical ventilation operations

Answer 230

stand (138)

Question 231

233. for commercial structures we will primarily use either a commercial cut or a ___ cut

Answer 231

7's (142)

Question 232

234. in commercial building in order for a heat hole to be effective it will need to be opened quickly and will generally require __ saws operating simultaneously

Answer 232

2 (143)

Question 233

235. for a commercial structure a ___ heat hole should be considered the minimum initial sized hole

Answer 233

8 x16' (148)

Question 234

236. a trench cut is a __ operation used primarily to control the spread of a fire.

Answer 234

defensive (151)

Question 235

237. a trench cut should be thought of as a ___ a line in the sand where we have decided to make our stand to stop an advancing fire

Answer 235

firebreak (154)

Question 236

238. a ___ operation consist of 2 elements: a roof division working above and a division/group operating on the interior below

Answer 236

trench (154)

Question 237

239. the ___ is designed to stop the spread of fire even when sprinkler systems fail

Answer 237

firewall (156)

Question 238

240. the following describes ______: rating- 4 hour minimum with no openings configuration - parapet extends above the roof with wing walls end walls or extensions

Answer 238

standard fire wall(156)

Question 239

241. the following describes ______: rating- 3-4 hour with protected openings configuration - parapet extends above the roof with wing walls end walls or extensions

Answer 239

firewall (156)

Question 240

242. the following describes ______: rating- 2-3 hour with protected openings configuration - wall extends from floor to beneath roof or floor deck above

Answer 240

fire barrier (156)

Question 241

243. the following describes ______: rating- 1 -2 hours with protected openings configuration - wall extends from floor to ceiling

Answer 241

fire partition (156)

Question 242

244. ___ is a freestanding masonry or concrete wall with no openings. it can be designed to have as much as a 4 hour fire resistance rating and is designed to contain a fire within the area of origin even after ff efforts such as sprinklers have failed

Answer 242

standard fire wall (157)

Question 243

245. ___ are typically used to subdivide floors and can be attached to or supported by structural members rated for 2-3 hour fire resistance usually non load bearing walls that extend from the floor to beneath the roof/deck or floor to floor, all supporting structures should be noncombustible

Answer 243

fire barriers (158)

Question 244

246. fire barriers are most effective when ___ are provided and sprinklers are operable. a fire barrier helps to supplement the sprinkler system

Answer 244

smoke and heat vents are provided (158)

Question 245

247. ____ subdivide areas within a building and can be attached to and supported by adjacent structural members, extend to the ceiling only and are constructed of fire resistive materials than fire barriers, typically only have 1 to 2 hours fire resistance

Answer 245

fire partitions (159)

Question 246

248. when trench operations are started it is important that the cut sections not be _____ until a large majority of the trench cuts are completed and interior crews have a hose line in place and the ceiling pulled

Answer 246

louvered (167)

Question 247

``` 249. the following should be included in ___: type of roof are smoke and heat vents present and operating conditions of roof concentrated loads firewalls or partitions if present basic blueprint if unusual action being taken truss type and direction ```

Answer 247

roof size up (172)

Question 248

250. commercial structures will require an area approximately ___ for the safety zone

Answer 248

10 x 10 (177)

Question 249

251. ___ are usually located near ladders but can be located on other areas of the roof such as the uninvolved side of a firewall an area away from heavy roof appliances or a safe area on an attached building

Answer 249

safety zones (177)

Question 250

secondary ladders should ideally be place on an __ side of the building from the primary ladder

Answer 250

opposite (178)

Question 251

planning for a fire should begin at the __ of the shift

Answer 251

beginning (180)

Question 252

254. a beam anchored only at one end that projected out over the edge of the structure without any external bracing collapse

Answer 252

cantilever (184)

Question 253

255. this is a useful technique to use when cutting plywood sheathing. center raftering provides for a large hole with a minimum of cuts that is relatively safe on all sides. sheathing removal requires a minimal effort. this technique is also used for strip ventilation on 1x6 sheathed roofs

Answer 253

center rafter (184)

Question 254

256. a small space created when a flat roof is raised above the level of the flat beams/rafters to provide a pitch to drain rain. the space provided between the underside of a flat roof and the bottom of the ceiling joist. the ceiling joist may be a different structural member separate from the roof rafter

Answer 254

cockloft (184)

Question 255

257roofing material layer between the structural members and weathering proofing layer, usually plywood or osb material but can be corrugated metal

Answer 255

decking (184)

Question 256

258. a technique of cutting sheathing with no concern to location of individual rafters or joist. this technique is used with roofs that are 1x6 solid, space or diagonally sheathed roofs

Answer 256

dicing (184)

Question 257

260. offensive ventilation, a hole placed over the fire or as close to over the fire that will safety will allow. min. 4x4 hole, residential should be 4x8, commercial should be 8x16 and will increase ff visibility

Answer 257

heat hole (185)

Question 258

261. a small triangular hole made with an axe or chain saw that indicates conditions of smoke or fire, these holes can be place along the path of access or egress every few yards

Answer 258

indicator hole (185)

Question 259

262. a small triangle of composition removed from the roof covering only. completed to determine sheathing type and or truss/rafter direction

Answer 259

inspection hole (185)

Question 260

263. usually a 2x4 laid flat between rafters or joist to provide a nailing surface for end edge of plywood sheathing. since plywood is used normally in 4x8 sheets and diaphragm nailed head block will usually be found every 4 feet

Answer 260

nailing blocks (185)

Question 261

264. a small cut made in the roof covering only made with the tip of the chainsaw and used to mark the location of rafters

Answer 261

score cut (186)

Question 262

265. lightweight structural member shaped like the letter I. composed of 2 horizontal components called flanges and a vertical component called a web used as a framing material primarily in floors but may also be used as roof rafters will fail quickly under fire conditions

Answer 262

wood I joist (186)