Ventilation is the _______ and ________ removal of ______, ______ and ______ from a structure through select ______, to minimise damage and increase _________
Ventilation is the SYSTEMATIC and CONTROLLED removal of SMOKE, HEAT and GASES from a structure through select CHANNELS, to minimise damage and increase SURVIVABILITY
Ventilation that is carried out correctly will :
- Improve the ____ of people trapped in the building
- Aids firefighters through increased ____, reduced ____ which therefore helps to search quicker and locate the ____ of fire
- Can reduce the danger of _____ and ____ _____
Ventilation that is carried out correctly will :
- Improve the SAFETY of people trapped in the building
- Aids firefighters through increased VISIBILITY, reduced TEMPERATURE which therefore helps to search quicker and locate the SEAT of fire
- Can reduce the danger of FLASHOVER and BACK DRAUGHT
Ventilation that is carried out correctly will :
- Can reduce ____ caused by smoke, heat and ____
- Provides more _______ conditions for firefighting personnel
- It is done in conjunction with the application of the ____ process
Ventilation that is carried out correctly will :
- Can reduce DAMAGE caused by smoke, heat and WATER
- Provides more COMFORTABLE conditions for firefighting personnel
- It is done in conjunction with the application of the RECEO process
When should ventilation be used?
- Heat smoke and gases are creating a life hazard
- Toxic gases may cause injury to personnel
- The seat of the fire cannot be located
- Heat, smoke and gas prohibit entry
- Smoke is causing damage
- A backdraught situation exists
When ventilation commences the ____ controller or ____ Officer must carefully ____ the effects of ventilation has on the ____. These observations should continue ____ the fire.
When ventilation commences the INCIDENT controller or STATION Officer must carefully OBSERVE the effects of ventilation has on the FIRE. These observations should continue THROUGHOUT the fire.
Considerations of ventilation include:
- The need to _____ if persons reported
- The availability of _____ _______
- Location of the fire
- _______ the fire is required to be drawn
- Type of ________ of the structure
- WIND direction and ________
- The fire _______
- The ________ of the structure and it’s _________
Considerations of ventilation include:
- The need to RESCUE if persons reported
- The availability of NATURAL OPENINGS
- Location of the fire
- DIRECTION the fire is required to be drawn
- Type of CONSTRUCTION of the structure
- WIND direction and EXPOSURES
- The fire EXTENSION
- The CONDITION of the structure and it’s CONTENTS
Three most common types of ventilation
Natural
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Four methods of natural ventilation
Vertical
Convection
Horizontal
Wind
When cross ventilating, open the ___ windows on the ___ side first. When the hot GASES have escaped, open the ____ windows on the _____ side
When cross ventilating, open the TOP windows on the LEEWARD side first. When the hot GASES have escaped, open the LOWER windows on the WINDWARD side
It is imperative that windows be broken at the ____ point. An alternative is to find ____ windows above the large front window
It is imperative that windows be broken at the HIGHEST point. An alternative is to find SMALLER windows above the large front window
When conducting hydraulic ventilation the fog pattern should be set at an angle ___ - ___ degrees and cover __% - __% of the door or window.
When conducting hydraulic ventilation the fog pattern should be set at an angle 55 - 60 degrees and cover 80% - 95% of the door or window.
Hydraulic ventilation cause a _____ effect to draw smoke from the building
Hydraulic ventilation cause a VENTURI effect to draw smoke from the building
Advantage of hydraulic ventilation
-can remove large volumes of air.
Limitations of hydraulic ventilation
- requires a firefighter to be inside
- can cause embers to re-ignite
- May cause additional water damage
- requires a pump and water supply
Three controlling factors of positive pressure ventilation
The entrance opening
The path of the interior airflow
The exhaust opening
Fixed ventilation systems are designed to:
Retard fire spread
Keep escape routes free from fire spread and smoke
Reduce damage by heat and smoke
Identifiers of the location of fire include
Heat haze Hot spots Bubbling paint and tar Bowing rooflines Breaking windows Melting of frost and ice A light spray on roof will identify hot spots by steam
Ventilation procedures
Do not open windows, doors or make openings that will directly ____ areas not already involved
Ensure that the openings for ____ air are ____ or of the same size as the ____
Always ensure that a line of ____ is left open for emergencies
Firefighters should work in ____ when ventilating large areas
Always ____ all openings made in a ____ to be sure that there is nothing below to impede the passage for the heat, smoke and other gases
Ventilate only when ____
Ensure ____ ____ is ready for use
Ventilation procedures
Do not open windows, doors or make openings that will directly EXPOSE areas not already involved
Ensure that the openings for INLET air are SMALLER or of the same size as the OUTLET
Always ensure that a line of RETREAT is left open for emergencies
Firefighters should work in PAIRS when ventilating large areas
Always PROBE all openings made in a ROOF to be sure that there is nothing below to impede the passage for the heat, smoke and other gases
Ventilate only when DIRECTED
Ensure CHARGED LINE is ready for use
