VERBS - Usage Rules Flashcards

(11 cards)

1
Q

Présent — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: talks about what is happening now, habits, and general truths; can express a near future with a time phrase.
Formation: Regular -ER/-IR/-RE endings; irregular verbs memorized.
Clues: aujourd’hui, maintenant, souvent, toujours.
Example: Je mange maintenant. / Elle travaille souvent le soir.

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2
Q

Passé composé — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: completed past actions/events, one-time or in sequence, changes of state.
Formation: Present of avoir/être + past participle; agreement with être verbs & reflexives.
Clues: hier, tout à coup, ensuite, soudain, une fois.
Example: Hier, j’ai fini le rapport. / Elle est arrivée à 9h.

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3
Q

Imparfait — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: background/ongoing past, habits, descriptions, ‘was/were -ing’.
Formation: nous-present minus -ons + -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient; être → ét-.
Clues: d’habitude, toujours, pendant que, autrefois, le lundi.
Example: Quand j’étais enfant, je lisais chaque soir.

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4
Q

Futur simple — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: future that is later, more formal/certain (promises, predictions).
Formation: infinitive (+ irregular stems) + -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont.
Clues: demain, plus tard, dans deux ans.
Example: Je partirai demain. / On se reverra bientôt.

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5
Q

Futur proche — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: immediate/likely future, plans already decided, ‘going to’.
Formation: aller (présent) + infinitif.
Clues: tout de suite, ce soir, bientôt (avec intention).
Example: Je vais partir maintenant. / Ils vont déménager cet été.

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6
Q

Subjonctif (présent) — definition/usage/formation/example

A

Definition: mood for doubt, desire, necessity, emotion, after certain expressions + que; usually with 2 subjects.
Triggers: il faut que, bien que, pour que, avant que, vouloir que, douter que…
Formation: stem of ils/elles (présent)-ent + -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent; irregular: sois, aie, aille, fasse, puisse, sache, veuille.
Example: Il faut que tu viennes. / Bien qu’il fasse froid, nous sortons.

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7
Q

Futur proche vs Futur simple — compare & choose

A

Time feel: Proche = soon/imminent/decided; Simple = later/more formal or certain.
Register: Proche = everyday spoken; Simple = neutral to formal, predictions/promises.
Formation: Proche = aller (présent) + infinitif; Simple = infinitif + -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont (irregular stems).
Examples:
— Je vais appeler Marie (I’m going to call her now).
— Je l’appellerai ce soir (I will call her this evening).

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8
Q

Passé composé vs Imparfait — compare & choose

A

Focus: PC = completed events/foreground; IMP = background/ongoing/habitual.
Questions: PC = What happened? IMP = What was going on?
Co-usage: IMP sets the scene; PC interrupts/moves story forward.
Clues: PC: hier, soudain, puis… / IMP: d’habitude, pendant que, toujours…
Examples together:
Je lisais quand il a appelé.
Il pleuvait et nous avons décidé de rester.

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9
Q

Regular ~re verbs - present

A

-s
-s
-
-ons
-ez
-ent

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10
Q

Regular ~ir verbs - present

A

-is
-is
-it
-issons
-issex
-issent

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11
Q

Regular ~er verbs - present

A

-e
-es
-e
-ons
-ez
-ent

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