victimisation explanations

Question 1

positivist victimology

Answer 1

• identifies victims who contribute to their own victimisation
• victim proneness - victims tend to be female, elderly or lower IQ, e.g. displaying their own wealth
• victim precipitation - victim because they provoked something, e.g. using violence first

AO3: ignores structural factors, e.g. poverty

Question 2

critical victimology

Answer 2

• focuses on structural factors
• patriarchy and poverty make females and WC higher risk
• state sometimes denies victim status
• e.g. employer violations explained as accidents
• makes powerless more likely victims

Question 3

impact of victimisation

Answer 3

• physical/emotional impact on victims, e.g. increased security
• creates indirect victims, family/friends
• hate crimes against minorities affects the whole community