Violence definition
Intense physical fore directed towards another individual or group that can cause injury or death
Four causes of violence in players and spectators
Frustration, drugs, rivalry, provocation
Five causes of violence for players
Implements that can be used as a weapon, dehumanising kit, anger management issues, violent nature of the game, pressure to win
Three causes of violence for spectators
Imitation, hooliganism, diminished responsibility in crowd
Four implications of violence on society
Sport reflects society, people seek violence as entertainment, puts off parents allowing their children to participate, costs tax payer money for policing
2 implications of violence on sport
Reduces the sports reputation, negative role modelling
2 implications of violence on performers
Risk of injury, damage their reputation
Five strategies to reduce player violence
Psychology to help anger management, adapted rules, more severe punishments, greater use of technology, more/ better qualified officials
Six strategies to reduce spectator violence
Stricter punishments, CCTV, alcohol control, improved facilities, more stewards, separate fans