Peneha V Police
Actions interfere with personal freedom or discomfort can amount to violence
R V Broughton
Threat can be conveyed by words or conduct - intention to inflict
R V Peat
the immediate return of the property does not negate the offence if necessary intent was present
R V Mitchell
Threat can be continuing effect where victim may hand over item as a result of the previous threats still operating in victims mind
R V Mohi
Intent for kidnapping, abduction
Offence is committed at the time of taking/detaining as long as intent is established before or during
R V M
crown must prove that the accused intended to take away or detain the complainant and that they knew the complaint was not consenting
R V Swain
Uses in whatever manner - To deliberately or purposely remove a dawn off shotgun from a bag after being confronted or called upon by Police amounts to use of that firearm
R V Bentham
A person who uses his fingers to simulate the possession of a firearm is not armed with any ‘thing’ and does not commit aggravated robbery. The term ‘any thing’ does not include the defendant’s unsevered han
Investigative approach to people trafficking
Reactive - victim led into see by an approach to police
Proactive - Police led. A combination of standard investigation techniques supplemented by intelligence resources.
Disruptive - appropriate in circumstances where the level of risk to the victim demands an immediate response and proactive and reactive are not practicable.
