Virtualization Concepts

Question 1

What is virtualization?

Answer 1

A host computer installed with a hypervisor to manage multiple guest operating systems or virtual machines

Question 2

What is the hypervisor?

Answer 2

Virtualization software installed on hardware known as bare bones or bare metal

Question 3

What is Type 1 hypervisor?

Answer 3

Runs natively on hardware as the operating system

Question 4

What is Type 2 hypervisor?

Answer 4

Runs on top of an existing operating system

Question 5

Server-based application virtualization

Answer 5

Applications run on servers in a centralized location

Question 6

Client-based application virtualization

Answer 6

Applications are packaged and streamed to the user’s PC

Question 7

What is containerization?

Answer 7

A type of virtualization applied by a host OS to provision isolated execution environments for applications

Question 8

OS kernel in containerization

Answer 8

Containers share the same host OS kernel

Question 9

Logical Isolation

Answer 9

Containers are isolated from each other by default

Question 10

Hyperconverged Infrastructure

Answer 10

Fully integrates storage, networks, and servers using virtualization and software

Question 11

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Answer 11

Provides full desktop OS to users from a centralized server

Question 12

Sandboxing

Answer 12

Creates isolated environments to analyze malware safely

Question 13

Cross-Platform Virtualization

Answer 13

Allows testing and running software across different OS on the same machine

Question 14

Emulations vs Virtualization

Answer 14

Emulation is slower but supports different architecture types

Question 15

Four primary resource areas for VIrtualization

Answer 15

CPU, memory, storage, and networking

Question 16

Intel VT-x

Answer 16

Virtualization Technology for Intel processors

Question 17

AMD-V

Answer 17

Virtualization Technology for AMD processors

Question 18

SLAT

Answer 18

Improves virtual memory performance

Question 19

Intel (SLAT)

Answer 19

Extended Page Table

Question 20

AMD (SLAT)

Answer 20

Rapid Virtualization Indexing

Question 21

Host OS memory requirements for macOS

Answer 21

~8 GB

Question 22

Host OS memory requirements Windows OS

Answer 22

~4-8 GB

Question 23

Storage needed for Windows VM

Answer 23

~20-50 GB

Question 24

Storage needed for Linux VM

Answer 24

~4-8 GB

Question 25

Storage needed for macOS VM

Answer 25

~20-40 GB

Question 26

NIC teaming

Answer 26

Combines multiple NICs for higher bandwidth

Question 27

Virtual Machine Escape

Answer 27

Attack where a threat actor escapes an isolated virtual machine to access the underlying hypervisor

Question 28

Where are Virtual machine escapes more common?

Answer 28

Type 2 hypervisor due to their reliance on a host OS

Question 29

VM Hopping

Answer 29

Attack where a threat actor moves from one VM to another on the same host

Question 30

Sandbox Escapes

Answer 30

Attack where a threat actor circumvents sandbox protections to access privileged systems

Question 31

Data Remnants

Answer 31

Residual data left after virtual machines are deprovisoned

Question 32

VM Sprawl

Answer 32

Uncontrolled deployment of virtual machines without proper management