Viruses

Question 1

4 types of viruses

Answer 1

• Norovirus
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatits E
• Rotavirus

Question 2

Norovirus

Answer 2

• commonly transferred to foods from infected food handlers, very contagious called cruise ship virus due to easy transferability. In ready-to-eat food/shellfish contaminated water
• PM: exclude infected staff, wash hands, avoid bare hand contact with ready to eat food, purchase shellfish from reputable sources
• SYM: V, D, N, stomach cramps. very contagious can transfer from person to person in few hours
• Time to onset: 12-48hrs, lasts 1-3 days

Question 3

Hepatitis A

Answer 3

• virus causing liver infection and found in feces of those with virus. Poor hygiene, bare-hand contact, and shellfish on contaminated waters lead to Hep A
• PM: exclude infected staff, wash hands, avoid bare hand contact with ready to eat food, purchase shellfish from reputable sources
• SYM: F, N, weakness, stomach pain, jaundice
• Time to onset: 28 days (peak 2 weeks) can last 2 months

Question 4

Hepatitis E

Answer 4

• virus causing liver infection and found in feces of those with virus. Poor hygiene, bare-hand contact, and shellfish on contaminated waters lead to Hep E
• PM: exclude infected staff, wash hands, avoid bare hand contact with ready to eat food, purchase shellfish from reputable sources , cook shellfish to correct temp
• SYM: fatigue, loss of appetite, stomach pain, N, jaundice- kids don’t show symptoms
• Time to onset: 15-60days with complete recover. dangerous toward pregnant women, Chronic liver disease

Question 5

Rotavirus

Answer 5

• infected people pass shed in feces and absence of hand-washing; due to poor personal hygiene
• PM: no vaccines in infants, improper hand washing changing diapers
• SYMP: D, V, F, abd pain
• Time to onset: 2 days last 3-8dy

Question 6

Toxoplasmosa Gondii

Answer 6

• infection with leading cause of death, can survive in body for long in form of cysts that travel to organs, burst and cause infection. In feces of animals cats /soilSevere in pre and immune compromised ppl
• PM: cook meat to proper temp buy reputable shellfish, prevent cross, hand-wash
• Symp: flu, swollen lymph nodes, toxoplamosis/ ocular tox in newborns
• time onset: not established

Question 7

Giardia Duodenalis
Cyclopspora cayetensis
Cryptospordium Parvum

Answer 7

• from fecal contaminated water, ready to eat foods exposed to cont. water, infected foodhandlers
• PM: purchase from reputable, handwash
• SYM: F, D, greasy stools (fat malabsoprtion), N
• Time onset: 1-3 week, last 2 weeks

Question 8

Trichinella

Answer 8

worm causes trichniellosis when raw or undercooked meat containing larvae is consumed. Usually in pork or wild game meats like homemade jerky/sausage
- PM: cook meat correctly, reputable sources
- SYM: N, V,D,F 1-2 days lasts 2-8 weeks

Question 9

Anisakis

Answer 9

• parasitic worm in raw/undercooked fish or squid…herring worm disease, Japan, Netherlands, Scandinavia. Sushi, herring, quid, cod, halibut, salmon
• PM: Cooking seafood, proper freezing -4F for 7 days, -31F for 15h, 31F until sold then for 24h at -4F, reputable sources
• SYM: tingling throat, coughing/vomiting worm, if ingested stomach pain, N, V, D
• Time: within several hours