Vision

Question 1

role of nurse

Answer 1

assessment of vision and guiding to achieve visual wellness for older adults

Question 2

age-related changes that affect vision

Answer 2

eye appearance and tear ducts
- diminished tear production
- degenerative changes affect all structures of the eye

Question 3

visual impairment

Answer 3

loss that cannot be corrected w/ glasses or contacts
- ranges from mild to blindness

Question 4

mild impairment

Answer 4

caused by normal age-related changes
- exacerbated by environmental condition such as glare and poor lighting

Question 5

presbyopia

Answer 5

loss of accommodation
first to go

Question 6

factors that interfere with visual wellness

Answer 6

• poor nutrition
• smoking
• secondhand smoke
• sunlight exposure
• warmer environmental temp, wind, low humidity
• lighting, colour contrast
• chronic conditions, meds

Question 7

functional consequences affecting visual wellness

Answer 7

• presbyopia
• need for 3 - 5x more light than previously
• difficulty w/ night driving
• increased risk for unsafe mobility and falls
• increased difficulty in performing usual activities
• anxiety, depression and lower levels of psychological well-being
• effect on driving

Question 8

cataracts

Answer 8

leading cause
reversible cause of vision impairment
risk factors:
- advanced age
- smoking
- exposure to sunlight
- malnutrition
- diabetes
- trauma
- adverse medication effects (ex. corticosteroids)

Question 9

age-related macular degeneration AMD

Answer 9

leading cause of severe vision loss
risk factors
- advanced age
- smoking
- exposure to sunlight
- family history

Question 10

glaucoma

Answer 10

causes loss of peripheral vision leading to blindness if untreated
risk factors:
- advanced age
- diabetes
- corticosteroid use
- family history
- Latino and Asian descent

Question 11

normal pressure glaucoma

Answer 11

a.k.a. normal-tension glaucoma
- optic nerve is damaged
- blind spots
- permanent blindness results unless treatment (drops) or surgery

Question 12

nursing diagnosis

Answer 12

• Readiness for Enhanced -
  Knowledge: Improved Vision
• Disturbed Sensory Perception: Visual
• Anxiety
• Ineffective Coping
• Self-Care Deficit
• Risk for Injury
• Impaired Social Interaction

Question 13

nursing interventions for visual wellness

Answer 13

• Health promotion for visual wellness
• Environmental modification
• Prevention and detection of eye disease
• Comfort measures for dry eyes
• Environ. modifications (e.g., optimal illumination)
• Low-vision aids
• Providing vision-friendly teaching materials
• Maintaining and improving QOL

Question 14

evaluating effectiveness of nursing interventions

Answer 14

• Use of corrective lenses and other aids that improve vision
• Environmental adaptations for optimal safety and visual function
• Improved independence in daily activities
• Expressed feelings of improved quality of life in relation to visual function