1
Q
what is sensation
A
- ability to perceive stimulation through one’s sensory organs
2
Q
what is perception
A
- how one receives, organizes, and interprets sensation
3
Q
what is sensory perception?
A
- the ability to receive sensory input and translate the stimulus or data into meaningful info
4
Q
how does change in vision affect our sensory perception
A
- significantly decreases
5
Q
describe the scope of sensory perception
A
- on a continuum from optimal function to impaired function
6
Q
which populations are at greatest risk for impaired sensory perception? why? what changes do they experience?
A
- older adults
- due to physiological changes that occur with aging
- experience decline in all 5 senses
7
Q
what is tactile sensation
A
- sense of touch
8
Q
where is tactile sensation most rapidly lost?
A
- occurs most rapidly in fingertips & feet
9
Q
why is the loss of tactile sensation important to consider?
A
- safety risk
- teach about watching hot surfaces, toe stubs or cutes
- especially if they have diabetes
10
Q
what are risk factors for sensory perception loss?
A
- acute injury
- chronic medical conditions
- lifestyle choices & occupation
- meds
11
Q
how do antihistamines effect sensation?
A
- blurred vision
- dry mouth
12
Q
how do antihypertensives affect sensation
A
- blurred vision
- taste & smell
13
Q
how do miotic eye drops affect sensation?
A
- changes in vision
14
Q
how do antiseizure meds effect sensation?
A
- cause numbness in hands & feet
15
Q
how do diuretics cause changes in sensation?
A
- hearing loss
- tinnitus
16
Q
how does chemotherapy affect sensation
A
- effects taste & smell
17
Q
how do antibiotics affect sensation
A
- effect taste, smell, and ototoxicity
18
Q
what is retinopathy? what does this cause?
A
- disease of the retina
= impairment or loss in vision
19
Q
what is a cataract? what effect does this have?
A
- clouding of the lens
- effects vision, like looking thru a foggy window
20
Q
what is macular degeneration
A
- deterioration of the macula (center of the retina)
21
Q
what is glaucoma
A
- increased pressure of the eye
= damage to the optic nerve
22
Q
how does visual field & depth perception change with aging
A
- reduced visual field
- slower visual field info
- diminished depth perception
23
Q
what are other age-related changes that occur in the eyes?
A
- loss of accomodation
- diminished acuity (sharpness of vision)
- delayed light/dark adaptation
- altered color vision
- flicker fusion
24
Q
what is presbyopia?
A
- loss of your eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects
25
what causes presbyopia?
- lens ages & stiffens
| - brings the focal point behind the retina = blurry vision
26
what is the most common reason for decreased sensation-perception in older adults
- presbyopia
27
how do older adults compensate for presbyopia
- may hold newspaper further away from their face
28
how does presbyopia impact the ability to see objects that are similar color?
- will begin to look the same
| ex. trouble differentiating between pills
29
how does presbyopia effect glare?
- more sensitive to glare = makes it harder to see
| ex. fridge door, driving
30
how does presbyopia affect the ability to go up stairs
- hard to distinguish because they are the same color
- depth perception impaired = risk of falls
- can also affect use of toilets
31
how do changes in vision affect everyday living for the older adults?
- difficulty differentiating between pill
- difficulty going up stairs
- difficult to see glares
- risk of falls
32
what are risk factors that can effect eye health
- nutrition
- smoking
- meds
- disease
- enviro
33
what meds effect eye health
- NSAIDs
- anticholinergics
- phenothiazines
- antihistamines
- diuretics
- anticoagulants
34
what do anticoagulants cause
- associated with bleeding of the eyes
35
what chronic conditions are risk factors for impacting eye healt
- dementia
- parkinson's
- diabetes
- hypertension
36
what are the functional consequences of vision loss in the older adult
- safety --> risk of falls
- quality of life
- driving ability
37
what specific age-related vision changes increase risk for falls
- diminished acuity
- increased sensitivity to glare
- reduced contrast sensitivity
- decreased depth perception
38
what are the major types of visual impairment & blindness among older adults
- cataracts
- macular degeneration
- glaucoma
- diabetic retinopathy
39
what is the leading cause of vision impairment? is it reversible?
- cataracts
| - is reversible
40
what is a nurses role regarding cataracts?
- important role in educating older adults about cataract surgery
41
what is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
- progressive loss of central vision
42
what does vision look like with AMD?
- get bleeding in the subretinal space = black spotting
43
what is the leading cause of AMD
- sun damage = screen & educate
44
what is the amsler grid
- test for AMD
| - uses a grid, if lines are shaded or distorted = AMD
45
what is glaucoma
- group of eye diseases resulting in damage of ganglion cells of optic nerve
- due to fluid pressure
46
what are signs of glaucoma
- may report poor vision in dim light
- headaches
- tired eyes
- side vision progressively & irreversibly lost
47
how do glaucoma meds work
- decrease fluid produced by the eye
| - or increase the fluid that drains out of the eye
48
what are examples of glaucoma meds
- miotics (cholinergic)
- prostaglandin agonist
- beta-blockers
- adrenergic agonists
- carbonic anahydrase inhibitors
49
what is an example of 2 different meds combined in 1 bottle for glaucoma
- timolol maleate & dorzolamide
50
what is a nurses role in glaucoma
- prep & admin or glaucoma meds
51
what is diabetic retinopathy
- damage to retinal blood vessel from elevated blood glucose
52
when does diabetic retinopathy typically occur
- onset 3-5 years after onset of diabetes (most by 20 years)
53
what type of exam is used to detect diabetic retinopathy
- fundoscopy annually
54
describe care for diabetic retinopathy
- glucose control is focus of care
| - laser treatments can reduce vision loss in 50% of patients
55
what are nursing interventions for visual wellness
- assess for risk factors
- promote healthy eye behaviors
- offer help for dry eyes
- modify the enviro
- low vision aids
- provide vision friendly teaching material
56
what are some enviro changes to make to accomodate vision
- use bright, nonglaring lighting
- use contrasting colors at meal times (ex plate diff color than table)
- pause in doorways when transitioning from light to dark rooms
NURS 2518
flashcards
Decks in class (4)
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