Visual perception

Question 1

State of Art

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

Outlines how conscious awareness is a sum of sensations and perception (interaction of different parts of the brain) and nothing else

Question 3

*gestaltism

Answer 3

Contradicts structralism and states that conscious awareness is more than the sum of elementary sensations and can have a characteristic not present i any of the elementary sensations - viewing the brain as a whole

Question 4

Outline the evidence that rejects structuralism

Answer 4

1. apparent motion: when two stationary objects are seen in succession quickly, the observer can see motion
2. illusory contours: perceiving contours in place where there are no physical contours (e.g triangle with edges)

Question 5

What is the gestalt principle of grouping

Answer 5

• Grouping is a process where a perceptual whole is formed by bounding different aspects (e.g seeing someone as a whole and not just parts

Question 6

List principles of grouping

Answer 6

• More principles = more likely component of an image will be grouped together to form a perceptual object
  1. Good continuation: Aligned or nearly aligned contours are grouped together to form a single object (e.g: cables on top of each other)
  2. Pragnaz: Groupings occur to make resultant figure as simple as possible (e.g panda)
  3. Similarity: more similar = more likely to be grouped together (e.g columns of dots)
  4. Proximity: closer = more likely to be grouped together
  5. Common fate: things that move together are grouped together
  6. Common region: Elements in the same regions of space are grouped together
  7. Uniform connectedness: Connected regions with the same visual characteristics are grouped together

Question 7

What are the 3 main difficulties of object perception

Answer 7

1. ambiguity:
2. objects can be partially occluded or blurred
3. objects look different in different poses and from different viewpoints

Question 8

principles of segregation

Question 9

Name figural properties that causes someone to identify something as the figure

Answer 9

1. In front of the image
2. At the bottom of the image
3. convex: bulges going out = concave, going in = convex
4. recognisable: experience

Question 10

Explain gist perception

Answer 10

-The longer a stimulus is presented, the more detail and accurate can be reported.
- Can report something just after 27 ms for gist
- Very accurate perception in 250 ms