Exam tips Nutrition 1 > vitamins > Flashcards

vitamins Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

b1 function

A

coenzyme for energy from carbs

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2
Q

functions of biotin, b2, b3 (3)

A

energy production
nerve health
skin, hair health

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3
Q

functions of B5

A

energy production

immune support

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4
Q

def sx for B1,2,3,5 & biotin

A

fatigue
poor concentration
memory loss

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5
Q

B2 def tongue

A

sore bright pink, ariboflavinosis, cracked mouth - dermatitis/lesion

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6
Q

B3 def tongue

A

sore, & sore mouth

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7
Q

biotin tongue def

A

smooth

heavy periods

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8
Q

3 vitamers/functions vit A

A

retinol - retina
retinal - vision/gene expression
retinoid acid - differentiation epithelial cells/feotal dev

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9
Q

why careful with pregnancy

A

vitamin A is teratogenic

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10
Q

therapeutics vit a

A

acne

xeropthalmia

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11
Q

zincs role vit A

A

makes retinol binding protein

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12
Q

as role with iron

A

modulates iron metabolism - anaemia

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13
Q

which 2 bs acetyl coA foremation

A

1 & 5

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14
Q

3 functions B12

A

methyl donor to folate - energy production/dna synthesis
metabolism of all cells (GI/bone marrow)
lowers homocysteine

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15
Q

which 3 b its lower honocysteine

A

B12, 9, 6

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16
Q

B12 absorption

A

stomach - breaks from protein via pepsin
combines with R protein
moves to duodenum released from R
combines with B12 - absorbed distal intestine

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17
Q

B12 insuff/def

A

beefy tongue - glossitis
neurological disorders
later - megaloblastic anaemia - causes irreversible nerve damage emma’s dad

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18
Q

megaloblastic anaemia sx

A

shortness of breath
muscle weakness
pale etc

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19
Q

folate absorption/trap

A

after absorption methyl group added in intestine

Once in cells B12 removes the methyl group and unlocks it

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20
Q

functions folate

A

blood cells/heam production
DNA synthesis/repair
lowers homocysteine

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21
Q

3 therapeutics folate

A

anaemia
homocysteine
atherosclerosis

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22
Q

def folate

A

high homocysteine
weakness depression
high homocysteine

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23
Q

metabolism of B6 dependant on

A

B2

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24
Q

functions B6

A 
metabolism a/a's - transamination, decarboxylation
glycogen > glucose
regs steroid hormones - emma's periods
regulates homocysteine
converts tryptophan > serotonin
converts tryptophan to niacin
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25
def b6
``` smokers! ^ homocysteine a/a metabolism abnormaliyies mood disorders - serotonin PMS - hormones longterm - rosacea ```
26
2 forms D
ergocalciferol | cholecalciferol
27
active form of D3
calcitriol
28
3 functions D
calcium homestasis immune modulator contro loo cell proliferation (angiogenisis)
29
D therapeutics
MS Osteomalacia/rickets cancer
30
deficiency D
frequent infections rickets osteoporosis
31
LOW blood calcium:
PTH stems synthesis of calcitriol
32
HIGH blood calcium
thyroid releases calcitonin - inhibits PTH/calcitriol
33
dietary calcium wasting factors
``` high protein sugar alcohol caffeine fizzy drinks ```
34
non-dietary calcium wasting factors
pregnancy | lactation
35
what body substance helps calcium absorption
HCL elderly!
36
calcium absorption lowered by
phytates oxalic acids fibre
37
how does protein ^ calcium excretion
urea is diuretic - ^ excretion | excess a/a decreases kidney absorption
38
calcium functions
``` bone mineral density clotting muscle contractibility nerve transmission weight loss ```
39
iron storage/transport
1 mucosal ferritin stores iron in mucosal cells small intestine 2 mucosal ferritin transfers to mucosal transferrin transfers to blood transferrin > rest of body
40
2 factors that enhance absorption non-ahem iron
C | MFP - meat fish poultry factor
41
3 nutrients that inhibit iron absoprtion
potatoes ^ calcium ^ dairy tannic acid - tea/coffee
42
if high Fe
liver converts ferritin to storage protein hemosiderin releases more slowly
43
Fe recycling
Fe salvaged from dead RBC in liver | taken to bone marrow for recycling by blood transferrin
44
when can iron feed bacteria
when it is unbound (needs to be bound to ferritin or transferrin)
45
Fe functions
in haemoglobin - 4 02 transport in myoglobin - 02 storage in muscle cofactor for ETC Immune regulation
46
Fe def
apathy hair loss pica iron-def anaemia
47
fe toxicity called
hemosiderosis same sx as def
48
iron tips for vegetarians
centre on iron-rich foods - e.g. pulses don't waste cals on junk foods that lack iron avoid tea with meals to avoid tannic acids avoid ^ dairy - impairs absorption
49
which type of iron can be carcinogenic and why
ahem iron catalyses formation of carcinogens from all nitrites in processed and natural foods
50
4 thiamin antogonists
raw fish tannic acid blueberries alcohol
51
3 cofactors for synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
B2.6 iron
52
sx pellagra
depression diarrhoea dermatitis dementia
53
what in the blood can limit C uptake
^ blood glucose
54
3 nutrients that can be pro-oxidant
C E Fe
55
3 functions C
antioxidant collagen synthesis used by adrenals in stress
56
3 therapeutics C
common cold atherosclerosis cancer
57
4 functions Mg
energy production - ATP! =Ca - blood clotting muscle contraction regs BP
58
3 nutrients inhibits Zn
phytates oxalates polyphenols
59
which storage protein holds Zn in reserve until body needs it
metallothionein (short term only)
60
what is enterohepatic Zn circulation
Zn in dig enzymes in pancreas | they are recycled back to pancreas
61
Zn functions
antioxidant enzymes cell-mediated immunity sperm formation
62
therapeutic uses Zn
acne cold male infertility
63
Zn def
low taste/smell ^ colds/infections poor wound healing alcohol intoleranc
64
3 functions selenium
makes t3 from t4 antioxidant via glutathione peroxidase cancer protection
65
deficiency of selenium can contribute to what other def
iodine
66
copper req for which 3 systems
immune NS CV
67
2 minerals restrict utilisation copper
Zn | Fwe
68
Iodine function
part of thyroid hormone
69
what food processed removes almost all chromium
refining whole grains
70
therapeutic chromium
weight los | diabetes
71
2 types E
tocotrienols | tocopherols
72
functions E
heart - cholesterol skin antioxidant
73
C and what other nutrient rejuvenates oxidised E
selenium via glutathione peroxidase
74
which food processing reduced E by 80%
milling flour
75
K1 & K2
1 - phylloquinone | 2 - menaquinone - make ourselves
76
2 functions K
blood clotting | bone protein formation
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