vitamins

Question 1

B vitamins complex deficiencies often result in

Answer 1

1. Dermatitis
2. Glossitis
3. Diarrhea

Question 2

Water soluble vitamins and their name

Answer 2

B1 --> Thiamine
B2 --> Riboflavin 
B3 --> niacin 
B5 --> pantothenic acid 
B6 --> pyridoxine 
B7 --> biotin 
B9 --> folate 
B12 --> cobolamin 
C --> ascorbic acid

Question 3

Vitamin A ( retinol) function

Answer 3

1. Antioxidant 2. Constituent of normal visual pigment (retinal) 3. Essential of normal epithelial cells into specialized tissue (pancr cells, mucus secreting cells) 4. Prevent squamous metaplasia

Question 4

Vitamin A (retinol) is used to

Answer 4

1. Treat measles (all trans retinoic)
2. Treat AML (M3) (all trans retinoic)
3. Topically for wrinkles and acne (oral isotretinoin)

Question 5

Deficiency of vitamin A (retinol)

Answer 5

1. Night blindness (nyctalopia)
2. Dry scaly skin (xerosis cutis)
3. Bitot spots on conjunctiva
4. Corneal degeneration (keratomalacia)
5. Immune suppression

Question 6

Vitamin A (retinol) excess

Answer 6

1. arthralgias 2. Skin changes (scaliness) 3. Alopecia 4. Cerebral edema 5. Pseudo-tumor cerebri 6. Osteoporosis 7. Hepatic toxicity and enlargment
2. Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
   if acute –> nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and blurred vision

Question 7

Vitamin D Excess findings

Answer 7

1. Hypercalcemia
2. Hypercalciuria
3. Loss of apettite
4. Stupor

Question 8

Vitamin E vs vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 8

Neurologic presentation of vit E deficiency may appear similar to B12 deficiency, but without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, or increased serum methylmalonic acid

Question 9

Vitamin E function

Answer 9

1. Antioxidant (protect erythrocytes and membranes from free radicals damage
2. Enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin

Question 10

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 10

1. Hemolytic anemia
2. Acanthocytosis
3. Muscle weakness
4. Posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination

Question 11

Kwashiorkor clinical picture

Answer 11

Small child with swollen belly

Question 12

Kwashiorkor mechanism (and result in)

Answer 12

Protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesions, edema, liver malfunction (fatty change due to decreased apolipoprotein synthesis)

Question 13

Marasmus (definition and results)

Answer 13

Total calorie malnutrition resulting in:

1. emaciation (tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat)
2. +/- edema

Question 14

vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is ancillary treatment for

Answer 14

Methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3+ to fe2+

Question 15

Vitamin C excess

Answer 15

1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. Diarrhea 4. Fatigue 5. Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis 6. Can increase risk of iron toxicity in in predisposed individuals (transfusions, hereditary hemochromatosis)

Question 16

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

Answer 16

1. Scurvy

2. Weakened immune response

Question 17

Scurvy - presentation

Answer 17

Swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, corkscrew hair

Question 18

Vitamin B5 deficiency

Answer 18

1. Dermatitis
2. Enteritis
3. Alopecia
4. Adrenal insufficiency

Question 19

Thiamine (vit B1) deficiency

Answer 19

1. Wernicke - korskakoff syndrome
2. Dry beriberi
3. Wet beriberi

Question 20

Dry beriberi

Answer 20

1. Polineuritis

2. Symmetrical muscle wasting

Question 21

Wet beriberi

Answer 21

1. Hight cardiac output failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

2. Edema

Question 22

Thiamine (vit b1) deficiency seen in

Answer 22

1. Malnutrition

2. Alcoholism (2ry to malnutrition and malabsorption)

Question 23

Wernicke - korsakoff syndrome - symptoms

Answer 23

1. Classic triad (Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia)
2. Confabulation
3. Personality changes
4. Permanent memory loss

Question 24

Vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 24

1. Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)
2. Corneal vascularization

Question 25

Niacin deficiency

Answer 25

1. Glossitis | 2. Pellagra (of severe deficiency)

Question 26

Causes of pellagra

Answer 26

1. Hartnup disease (Decreased tryptophan absorption) 2. Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism) 3. Isoniazid (low B6)

Question 27

Pellagra symptoms

Answer 27

1. Diarrhea 2. Dementia (and hallucinations) 3. Dermatitis (casal necklace (C3.4 dermotome) or hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed limbs)

Question 28

Niacin excess

Answer 28

1. Facial flushing (induce by prostaglandins, not histamine) 2. Hyperglycemia 3. Hyperuricemia

Question 29

Biotin deficiency symptoms

Answer 29

Rare. | Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

Question 30

Biotin deficiency caused by

Answer 30

Caused by antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites

Question 31

Folic acid absorption

Answer 31

Jejunum