Doctrine of Signatures
physical characteristics of a plant are related to their medicinal action; concept that is present in the classic literature
Organoleptics
This is a technique of using the senses to evaluate an herb for taste, smell, appearance, texture, energetics, quality, and identity.
Morphology
shape and parts
anatomy
parts of cells
physiology
molecular processes
constituents
chemical compounds in herbs
Binomials (naming):
Genus and then species