The odoriferous principles found in various plant parts
Volatile oils
Represents the essences or the odoriferous constituents of the plants
Volatile oils
Volatile oils are known as?
Ethereal/Essential oils
As a rule: (4)
- Colorless, but on long standing, may oxidize and resinify thus darkening in color.
- Immiscible with water, but sufficiently soluble to impart their odor to water.
- Aromatic waters are dependent on this slightly solubility.
- Soluble in ether, alcohol and most organic solvents.
Differentiation of Volatile oils from Fixed oil (5)
- Can be distilled from their natural sources
- Do not consist of glyceryl ester of fatty acids
- Do not leave a permanent grease spot on paper
- Do not become rancid, but instead oxidize and resinify when exposed to light and air
- Cannot be saponified with alkalies
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils (3)
- Water Distillation
- Water and Steam Distillation
- Direct Steam DIstillation
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
a. Water Distillations (2)
- Dried plant materials
- Turpentine oil
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
b. Water and Steam Distillation (2)
- Either dried or fresh plant materials
- Cinnamon oil, Clove oil
Methods in obtaining Volatile Oils
c. Direct Steam Distillation (2)
- Fresh plant materials
- Peppermint oil, Spearmint Oil
Other Methods (4)
- Ecuelle Method - Trough Line
- Enfleurage Method - Glass Plate
- Extraction - Perfumery
- Destructive Distillation (Dry Distillation)
Other Methods
a. Ecuelle Method - Trough line
Removing of citrus oils
Other Methods
b. Enfleurage Method - Glass plate
- Flower petals
- Bland fat/fixed oils and alcohol
Other Methods
c. Extraction - Perfumery industry
- Uniform temperature
- Expensive
Other Methods
d. Destructive Distillation (Dry Distillation)
- Empyreumatic Oils
- When the wood resin is heated without access of air, decomposition takes place and a number of volatile compounds are driven off, the resultant mass is Charcoal.
Composition of Volatile Oils (8)
- Terpenes or Sesquiterpenes
- Esters and Alcohol
- Alcohols
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Phenols
- Ethers
- Non-Terpenoids
Other drugs containing Volatile Oils (20)
- Allspice
- Angelica
- Black Pepper
- Camomile
- Celery
- Chenopodium
- Five-Leaved Chaste Tree
- Garlic
- Hyptis
- Love Grass
- Mayana
- Mugwort
- Ngai-Camphor Plant
- Oregano
- Patchouli
- Pine Rosin
- Premna
- Sampaguita
- Sweet Bay
- Vetiver
Is based primarily on the use of volatile oils, either singly or in admixture?
Aromatherapy
Volatile oils in Aromatherapy are administered as: (4)
- Baths
- Compress
- Massage
- Inhalations
Drops of oil are added to the water and vigorously mixed
Baths
Volatile oils are mixed with suitable carrier — Fixed oils
Compresses, and Massage
Are available in addition to the traditional steam inhalation or use of the handkerchief or tissue.
Inhalations
