VSEPR

Question 1

What are the 5 basic rules in determing Lewis Structures? (Don’t expand on each rule yet, we’ll do that in a different flashcard cuz that’s too much information all at once)

Answer 1

1. Figure out how many valence electrons each atom has
2. Determine central atom
3. Make single bonds first
4. Add H’s
5. Form higher bonds as necessary

Question 2

How do you determine the central atom? (Hint: It’s 2 key factors)

Answer 2

1. Lowest electronegativity
2. Wants to form the most bonds

Question 3

When creating bonds what rule are we aiming to achieve?

Answer 3

The Octet Rule

Question 4

Provide the equation for Formal Charge.

Answer 4

FC=# valence electrons-number of bonds-number of lone pair electrons

Question 5

What does formal charge help determine?

Answer 5

Which structures are lower in energy.

Question 6

Are oxidation states and formal charge the same thing?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

How do we break the octet?

Answer 7

We must have access to the d-orbital.

Question 8

What does resonance do?

Answer 8

It is a stabilizing force that allows for the dispersion of charges

Question 9

What are the electronic geometries? How many “items” are apart of each family?

Answer 9

2=linear
3=trigonal panar
4=tetrahedral
5=trigonal bipyrimidal
6=octahedral

Question 10

What are the molecular geometries offered for each electronic geometry?

Answer 10

Linear: linear
Trigonal Planar: bent
Tetrahedral: trigonal pyramidal, bent
Trigonal Bipyramidal: seesaw, t-shaped, linear
Octahedral: square pyrimdal, square planar

Question 11

List the three IMFs by increasing strength

Answer 11

London Dispersion Forces<Dipole-Dipole<Hydrogen Bonding

Question 12

What collagitive properties do IMFs control?

Answer 12

Boiling point and melting point

Question 13

Are LDF always present?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What “kills” dipoles?

Answer 14

symmetry

Question 15

What are the three elements that can do hydrogen bonding? (Bonus: what’s the potential fourth one)

Answer 15

Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen
(FON)
And sometimes Chlorine

Question 16

What are the two rules of hydrogen bonding?

Answer 16

1. Molecule A must have a hydrogen bond to N, O, or F (sometimes Cl)
2. Molecule B must have a lone pair

Question 17

What model can we use to classify our bonds? What is this model based on?

Answer 17

Van Arkel-Ketelaar
This is based on the electronegativities (the average and difference) of the two molecules.

Question 18

Amorphous

Answer 18

Disorded composition.
Think of it like cooked spaghetti.

Question 19

Crystalline

Answer 19

Ordered composition.
Think of it like uncooked spaghetti.

Question 20

In increasing strength order, list the three types of bond

Answer 20

Delta<Pi<Sigma