who was warbeck and who did he claim to be
pretender was warbeck: well educated from netherlands
when 17 learnt english and travelled to ireland to make claim to throne
claimed he was richard duke of york- stronger as one of the 2 supposedly dead princes in the tower, couldn’t be disproven and around the same age.
HOW DID IRELAND REACT WHEN WARBECK TRIED TO GAIN THEIR SUPPORT
-Ireland reception mixed: people of Cork were enthusiastic but Isle of Kildare was reluctant to be directly involved
-due to lack of irish support Warbeck and Earl of Desmond began to write to european leaders to get more help
how did warbeck gain domestic support from stanley
-Stanley (who had helped henry in bosworth) implicated in plot against him- his betrayal was particulary worrying
Agreed to go and speak with warbeck abroad with sir Robert clifford (who was under cover as henry’s spy)
clifford informed henry of stanleys betrayal, stanley tried for treason in 1495 and executed
(but didnt stop challenge from warbeck and he shortly landed in deal)
How did warbeck gain foreign support 1491-95
-failed to gain support from ireland so wrote to european leaders
-charles viii of france invited warbeck to his court and treated him like a prince but henry prompt actions meant that warbeck had to go
-fled to burgundy, margaret burgundy recognised him as her nephew duke of york (despite not seeing him for years)
when was warbecks landing in deal, Kent and what happened
-July 1995 warbeck attempted a landing at Deal in kent with a small force of 300 soldiers- he failed to get local support and fled leaving the few men who had waited for him to be captured, tried and executed
what were the events of warbecks challenge from 195-97 and how did he gain support
SCOTLAND
-after failure at deal warbeck moved to scotland
-gained support from james iV as scotland and england were traditional enemies
-increased threat as could invade from scottish border
- 1496 he tried to invade engand with a small force of 1400 men, but like simnel before him he was unable to raise much support in the north so he retreated back to Scotland
REBELLION IN CORNWALL
-1497- Henry was forced to raise taxation to fund an army to fight warbeck, provoked rebellion in cornwall 1497
-15,000 rebels marched on London, henry had to divert troops intended for defence in the north
-troops met rebels at Blackheath and Kent and won over the poorly equipped rebels
-1000 rebels may have been killed
-however this cornwall distraction shows weakness to henrys position in warbeck rebellion
SCOTLAND TO IRELAND
-James iv’s support for warbeck was tiring to in July 1497 warbeck left scotland for ireland
-when he failed to get support in ireland he seeked support from cornwall
WARBECK LANDING IN COWNWALL
-Wareck landed in cornwall in september 1497aiming to take advantage of the unrest to Gain support for his rebellion
-By this point the army of 14,000 had shrunk to 300
-attracted between 30000-8000 men in cornwall but wasnt able to attract gentry or nobility in southwest
-city camr close to falling but the rebels were driven out by soldiers and citizens
TAUNTON
-after failure warbeck and his remaining men went to taunton
-here they were trapped by advancing royal forces led by Giles Daubeney
-warbecks remaining supporters melted away and he was captured as he tried to escape
When did warbeck try to invade from scotland and how did it go
-In september 1496 he tried to invade engand with a small force of 1400 men, but like simnel before him he was unable to raise much support in the north so he retreated back to Scotland
when did warbeck go from scotland to ireland and what happened
-James iv’s support for warbeck was tiring to in July 1497 warbeck left scotland for ireland
-when he failed to get support in ireland he seeked support from cornwall
when and what was the cornwall rebellion
-1497- Henry was forced to raise taxation to fund an army to fight warbeck, provoked rebellion in cornwall 1497
-15,000 rebels marched on London, henry had to divert troops intended for defence in the north
-troops met rebels at Blackheath and Kent and won over the poorly equipped rebels
-1000 rebels may have been killed
-however this cornwall distraction shows weakness to
when did ewaarbeck land in crnwall and what happened
-Wareck landed in cornwall in september 1497aiming to take advantage of the unrest to Gain support for his rebellion
-By this point the army of 14,000 had shrunk to 300
-attracted between 30000-8000 men in cornwall but wasnt able to attract gentry or nobility in southwest
-city camr close to falling but the rebels were driven out by soldiers and citizens
what happened at taunton
TAUNTON
-after failure warbeck and his remaining men went to taunton
-here they were trapped by advancing royal forces led by Giles Daubeney
-warbecks remaining supporters melted away and he was captured as he tried to escape
Warbeck after his capture (1948-49)
-Henry willing to treat him well, was accepted at henrys court and not fomally imprisoned
1498 tried to escape so was imprisoned in Tower of London, TREIED TO PLOT WITH EARL OF WARWICK
-both tried for treason 1499- warbeck hung warwick executed
how did henry overcome the challenge from warbeck and his supporters (HENRY’S ACTIONS)
HENRYS STRENGTH ON THRONE
-had been on throne 6 years so more experience than during simnel, had strengthened his dynasty
-1496 treaty of Medina del campo meant there was alliance with spain
MILITARY TACTICS OF HENRY
-had a network of spies who kept him informed on warbecks whereabouts
-Had more resources and power then warbeck
-had troops waiting for warbeck in all his attempts- e.g when warbeck challenged Exeter henry was able to coordinate a military response that drove warbeck to tauntun
REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS OF NOBILITY
-Use of rewards and punishments of nobility helped him defeat warbeck
-those loyal were rewarded (enobled COURTNEY who fought against WARBECK)
-courtneys lands were important strategic point in remote region
-punished stanley and increased act of attainder to punish 24 more men
-bonds and recognances system- made those who he distrusted obey: (e.g Marquess of dorset threatened to have to give resognances of 1000 pounds- SO REMAINED LOYAL AND HELPED IN CORNWALL RISING
how did henry overcome the challenge from warbeck and his supporters
(WARBECK’S WEAKNESS)
WARBECKS WEAKNESSES
-despite warbecks ability to attract foreign support, he was unable to sustain support
-WHEN HE TRIED TO INVADE IN 1494, 1496 AND 1497 he was unable to attract any significant domestic support
-even when he tried to gain support in cornwall henry was more strong than him
-ARGUEABLY AS HENRY HAD SECURED THE REALM SO WELL
when and what wasvthe treaty of Medina del campo
-1496 achieved a significant alliance with spain in the treaty of Medina del campo (this was the first time one of the major European powers had acknowledged henrys right to the throne by signing a treaty with him)
how did henrys MILITARY TACTICS stop warbeck rebellion
-had a network of spies who kept him informed on warbecks whereabouts
-Had more resources and power then warbeck
-had troops waiting for warbeck in all his attempts- e.g when warbeck challenged Exeter henry was able to coordinate a military response that drove warbeck to tauntun
how did henry’s system of rewards and punishments help
REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS OF NOBILITY
-Use of rewards and punishments of nobility helped him defeat warbeck
-those loyal were rewarded (enobled COURTNEY who fought against WARBECK)
-courtneys lands were important strategic point in remote region
-punished stanley and increased act of attainder to punish 24 more men
-bonds and recognances system- made those who he distrusted obey: (e.g Marquess of dorset threatened to have to give resognances of 1000 pounds- SO REMAINED LOYAL AND HELPED IN CORNWALL RISING
what was henrys system of bonds and recognances and give an example of how he used it
Bonds and recognances system- made those who he distrusted obey: (e.g Marquess of dorset threatened to have to give resognances of 1000 pounds- SO REMAINED LOYAL AND HELPED IN CORNWALL RISING
to what extent did warbeck pose a threat to henrys position on the throne (LISTED FACTORS)
-warbeck posed a considerable challenge but was ultimately defeated due to henrys actions
FOREIGN SUPPORT
CLAIM
DPOMESTIC SUPPORT
INVASION FORCES
NO PITCHED BATTLE
how did warbecks lack of invasion forces pose a threat
-henry was lucky in the fact warbevk ws never able to raise a substantial invasion force
-if warbeck had been able to rally support at court henry would have faced more serious armed resistence involving sir williaam stanley and Marquis of Dorset
-didnt time his cornwall landing well at the peak of rebellion
-compared to simnel warbeck never was able to fight henry in a pitched battle like the battle of stoke (at the time henry was less experienced, had an infant son, and was faced by a strong claimant to the throne- John de la pole)
to what extent were foreign support a threat
recieved support from foreign powers helping him evade capture from 1491-97
-henry forced into negotiations with foreign powers to move him along
SCOTLAND
FRANCE
IRELAND
BURGUNDY
overall consensus on extent of threat
-although he posed a strong threat it never became something serious
-henry had a growing mixed lancastrian and yorkist family and mostly loyal nobility who controlled the localities
-anyone who was suspected of disloyalty was dealt with harshly
-his response mixed with some luck meant warbeck never came close to challenging the throne
what was irish support for warbeck (AND CONSEQUENCE)
-Kildare reluctant to become involved with warbecks campaign, he watched from the sidelines instead not helping or stopping him
-without kildare warbeck wasnt able to raise much military support in ireland and fled
CONSEQUENCE
-henry moved kildare from his position as lord deputy but kildare was too powerful for this to work
1494 henry sent sir edward ponyings to ireland to enhance local authority- ponyigs used his power to assert english control over ireland and ordered the arrest of Kildare an dhe was sent to england and imprisoned until 1496
-ponyings introduced ponyings law in 1995 that no irish parliament was allowed to be summoned until the king had approved it or pass laws till approved
-when reappointed and released kildare remained loyal for the rest of his reign
what was support from burgundy like for WARBECK
-offered protection and support to warbeck
-when warbeck was forced out of france she offered him protection from 1493-95
1493 warbeck was invited to funeral of holy roman emperor to improve his claim to the throne
-prepared to back warbeck with an armed force in 1495 in his landing in Deal
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SEC AND LIEUT18
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SECRETARY AND LIEUTENANT5
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crown church state36
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RELIGIOUS CHALLENGES (FINAL)23
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POG15
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WARBECK31
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challenging the succession (simnel and warbeck)28
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lord lieutenants8
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CHALLENGING RELIGIOUS CHANGES 1533-3737
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GOV ADMINISTRATION (BREADTH)59
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REVOLT OF THE NORTHERN EARLS (FINAL)48
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KETTS REBELLION (FINAL)46
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gov administration essay plans SIMPLIFIED4
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TYRONE73
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tyrone essay plan 118
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tyrone essay plan 219
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TUDORS- SIMNEL AND WARBECK ESSAY PLANS6
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crown church and state essay plans SIMPLIFIED5
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religious rebellion essay plans6
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tyrone essay plan 311
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CHALLENGING THE SUCCESSION18
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LOCALITIES94
