Warfare Flashcards

Question

Delian League Alliances

Answer 1

Athens, Thessaly, Argos, and Megara

Answer 2

461 | - Sparta sends 2000 hoplites on a raid to Argos to force them to abandon alliance with Athens

Answer 3

- Congress of Sparta > Peloponnesian League meets with an Athenian Delegate. > Corinth condemns Sparta for not helping and warns that if they do no begin to they will be without allies. > Athenian delegates warn the Spartans and try to push them towards arbitration but Sparta votes that Athens have gone against the Peace treaties and they declare war. - Sparta Strategy: invade Attica, lay waste to Athenian countryside, defeat Athenians and dictate peace terms.. - Athenian Strategy: avoid battle with Spartan Hoplites, use navy and economic resources to outlast Sparta. >raid Peloponnesian coast including trade routes > re establish the status quo. - Sparta invades Attica destroying their countryside, leaves after 3 weeks - Athens raids the Peloponnesian coast - Plague breaks out in Athens 30 000 people die > Pericles killed by plague

Answer 4

1. Stalemate 431-421 2. Peace of Nicias 421-415 3. Athenian expedition to Sicily 415-413 4. The Naval Campaigns 413- 404

Answer 5

- Athenians win hoplite battle against Sparta but are overwhelmed by Psiloi

Answer 6

- Peloponnesian lose battle and retreat.

Answer 7

- Naval battle | - Athenian fleet encircle Peloponnesian fleet and capture 12 ships.

Answer 8

- Athenian ships driven ashore by Peloponnesian - Athen back up come and manage to free some of the ships. - both sides claimed as a victory - ends Spartan campaign in Northwest campaign

Answer 9

- Athenian force that had raided Peloponnesian coast in attempt to subjugate Aeolian tribes that would allow an attack on Boeotia which is successful would link land to Athenian allies in North Western Greece. - Athenian hoplites homered with arrows and javelins and stones. - Athenians become run down with 600 Hoplite dead.

Answer 10

Alexander vs the Persians - Alexander concentrates his force that breaks Persians lines and causes a crazy cavalry battle killing 3 Persian generals. - Anatolia falls to Alexander. - Darius manages to get behind him making it dangerous because they could cut off supply lines - Alexander races to meet Darius who runs off battle field leaving behind his treasures and family - Main Persian army shattered - marches down to the Levant where most open their gates to Alexander.

Answer 11

- first attempt Alexander has no navy so he builds a 1 km causeway > construct 160 foot high siege towers equipped with catapults and ballistics to keep Tyrian ships away. > fails - Alexanders fleet show with battering rams and find weak spot on fortifying walls and blow a hole through. - Alexander sends message killing 6000 men, 2000 of them being crucified on the beach.

Answer 12

- 15 War elephants - Alexander outnumbered - bends left flank back - concentrates cavalry on the right - while his heavy infantry is busy gives Alexander a shot at Darius. - rest of Greek army heavily pressed - Darius flees again - Persian morale super low as leader runs again

Answer 13

330 Persian Thermopylae - Persians lay trap for Macedonians - pelted with rocks and arrows from both sides - Alexander gets second column to get behind Persians - gets enough local tribes to turn Greek to stop open resistance.

Answer 14

- meets ferocious resistance from local tribes - as soon as he leaves they re-join the fight against him - mutiny starts against him - troops are tired of fighting - were only suppose to be take over Persia which they did. - he has to execute 13 ring leaders and make promises to the rest

Answer 15

- marches army through desert loses several men - jumps a wall and is trapped and badly wounded - Alexander decides to return to Babylon

Answer 16

- allowed conquered to worship as pleased so long as paid the Macedonians - 323 dies - possibly poisoned by generals - doesn't leave much of a will - has one son - Empire cut up by Generals

Answer 17

-City found by twin brothers Romulus and Remus > mother was a princess who was raped by Mars (Roman God of War) > gives birth to Romulus and Remus > gives twins away in fear of tyrant uncle - they are raised of the test of a she wolf > Romulus later kills Remus and begins Rome. - Adoptive Mother the she wolf becomes symbol of Rome.

Answer 18

390 badly defeated by the Gauls Rome sacked and forced to buy off the Gauls Last Romans would be captured by non Roman forces for 800 years

Answer 19

- creation of standardized equipment - adoption of Gallic full body shields - win small engagements so gain experience for fighting and have confidence for bigger battles - Archimedes claw a big winch that went over the walls and drop the ships at a certain height to break the spine destroying the ship, death ray (used highly polished mirrors to lite enemy ships on fire) and steam cannon. - practiced obsessively

Answer 20

1. Avoid large scale pitched battles except where Rome has a massive advantage 2. Shadow Hannibal’s army – deprives him of freedom of movement. 3. Attack his supply lines and conduct scorched earth strategy 4. Attacks isolated Carthaginian detachements and foraging parties – wears down Carthaginians and builds up Roman morale 5. Keep Hannibal isolated retake cities and towns that go over to or are captured by Hannibal prevent the arrival reinforments

Answer 21

Brilliant Roman military commander Undermine Carthaginian control over Iberia - achieves numerous battlefield victories and captures town after town - shows leniency and friendship to Celt- Iberian tribes to encourage them to switch sides - shows brutality to those who betray Rome

Answer 22

Taunted Carthaginians to come out of camp. Scipio surprises the Carthigians > deploys Spanish allies, keeping Carthiginians tied down - defeats both Carthiginians - Encourage tribes to join on his side. Plenty of Spainairds that don’t like carthinigians - price to be paid if anyone portrays Rome > town slaughtered small garrison of Roman troops, Scipio comes back and kills everyone in town.

Answer 23

Hannibal keeps his best troops and veterans in the third rank Scipio deploys his roman infantry standard pattern Hannibal had superior cavalry Newmedians (Carthages best calary) 2/3rds defect to Scipios side Elephants used to just break through enemy lines lower morale. Scipio moves apart and creates lanes for the Elephants Lite troops swarm around them cutting and throwing Javelins at them. Elephants actually turned around and end up smashing into the Carthaginians (drivers of the elephants had spike to drive into elephants head if it was out of control) - Carthage sues for peace – loses overseas possessions, navy limited to 10 ships, pay 300 tons of silver, not allowed to raise army or wage war without Roman permission.

Answer 24

-Carthage makes final reparations payment to Rome Carthage undertakes military operations against Numidians who have invaded Rome sees this as a violation of treaty, views Carthage as similar to its Italian Allies - Looking for excuse to go to war with them to destroy them once and for all - Romans land 84 000 man army Carthage attempts to appease rome hand over 300 children as hostages done - hand over all military equipment – done ( included 200 000 pieces of armor and 2 000 catapults and ballista) move population to new site 16 km in land – old city to be burned except temples – Carthaginians refuse! It doesn’t matter what they do Romans are out for war - 3 sets of walls, first set has a ditch infront of it, Second little higher and more elaborate, third wall being the highest and formidable. 3rd section stretched all the way around the city. Had a protective harbored. Chain net to let ships in and out. - Scipio Aemillanus (nephew of Scipio) elected consul 147 - eliminates Carthginian stronghold and defeats Carthaginian field army - seals off harbor Scipios mole – carthage now cut off and starving -- build scipio mole to stop anything from getting into Carthage - Roman troops breech harbor defenses and six days of brutality savage street fighter. - Romans create a breach which results in 6 days of brutal street fighting. -Fight through buildings, lay boards to go across to get into next building from the top. - Carthage finally falls

Answer 25

168 romans initially unable to cope with phalanx and centre falls back; however moving over broken ground, Macedonian formation loses its cohesions romans move into gaps and make good use of the Gladius Macedonian army destroyed

Answer 26

1. First line of defence = series of allied tribes beyond the frontier = provides intelligence for and acts as a buffer against invaders. 2. Campaign beyond frontier when needed – disrupts potential threat 3. Series of Legionary and Auxiliary fortresses 4. Great resources – more staying power.

Answer 27

1. No reliable method of imperial succession 2. Incessant civil Wars 3. Barbarian invasions and migrations 4. Barbarians allowed to settle within the controlled areas of Rome. 5. Economic disruption 6. Plague 7. Uneven Leadership

Answer 28

- Roman army was product of fou centuries of evolution. - adept organizers and engineers - Started as aristocratic heavy armed cavalry - Romans Confrontational by nature - Roman army great marchers

Answer 29

- says think of Athens as an Imperial Democracy | - Power and Prosperity of the Athenian democracy depended on its command of its great maritime empire.

Warfare Flashcards

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