WBC Morphology

Question 1

WBC

Normal Range

Answer 1

• 6,000-16,000 / uL
• Absolute vs %

Question 2

Blood Smear WBC Count

Answer 2

• Normal: 10-30 WBCs per x10 counting field
• # (average) x 10 = WBCs /uL

Question 3

Leukocytosis

Answer 3

• Elevated WBC count
• Sign of infection
• Differential to better diagnose

Question 4

Leukopenia

Answer 4

Decrease in WBC

Question 5

WBC Differentials

Answer 5

• Count 100 WBC
• Group each type found
• This gives the WBC percent

Question 6

Absolute WBC

Answer 6

% on count x total WBC count
* turn % into decimal
* answer in /uL
* most important value

Question 7

WBC Count Corrected for nRBC

Answer 7

(WBC Count x 100) / (100 + nRBC Count)
* do when more than 5 nRBC
* use this new WBC count for absolute value

Question 8

Granulocytes

Which Cells

Answer 8

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 9

Agranulocytes

Which Cells

Answer 9

• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes

Question 10

WBC Maturation

Answer 10

• Myeloblasts
• Promyelocyte
• Myelocyte
• Metamyelocyte

Question 11

Metamyelocyte

Answer 11

• Stage where WBC diferentials branch off (N, B, E)
• Can be found in circulation in severe infection / inflammation
• Kidney-bean shapped

Question 12

Neutrophils

Answer 12

• Most circulating WBC
• First line of defense
• Phagocytosis

Question 13

Neutrophil Normal Range

Answer 13

3,000 - 11,300 /uL

Question 14

Segmented vs Banded Neutrophils

Answer 14

• Segmented = most mature
• Band = immature

Question 15

Banded Normal Range

Answer 15

0 - 400 /uL
* left shift when >500 /uL

Question 16

Segmented Neutrophils

Answer 16

Most abundant WBC in domestic species (except ruminants)
* when in doubt, assume segmented

Question 17

Banded Neutrophils

Answer 17

• Same width throughout entire nucleus
• Only see with leukocytosis

Question 18

Neutrophilia

Answer 18

• High neutrophil count
• Acute inflammation

Question 19

Neutropenia

Answer 19

• Low neutrophil count
• Severe infection

Question 20

Neutrophilia w/ Left Shift

Answer 20

• Bone marrow releases bands to meet demands
• Segs > Bands

Question 21

Neutropenia w/ Degenerative Left Shift

Answer 21

• Bands > Segmented
• Poor Prognosis
• May see Metamyelocytes

Question 22

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

SMILED

Answer 23

When stressed, you should smile
* Segs and
* Monos
* Increased
* Lymphs and
* Eosins
* Decreased

Question 24

Lymphocytes

Answer 24

• Immune function
• Second most common WBC

Question 25

Lymphocyte vs Reticulocyte

Answer 25

Reticulocyte * more cytoplasm * denser, smaller nucleus

Question 26

Lymphocyte Normal Range

Answer 26

1,000 - 4,800 /uL

Question 27

Lymphocytosis

Answer 27

* Increased lymphocyte count * Vaccinations or Viral response * May see with young animals (immunity)

Question 28

Lymphopenia

Answer 28

* Decreased lymphocyte count * Stress

Question 29

Answer 29

Lymphocytes

Question 30

Monocytes

Answer 30

* Largest WBC * Phagocytosis * Macrophages when in tissue

Question 31

Monocyte Normal Range

Answer 31

200 - 1,300 /uL

Question 32

Monocytosis

Answer 32

* Increased monocyte count * Chronic inflammation

Question 33

Answer 33

Monocytes

Question 34

Eosinophils

Answer 34

* Important in hypersensitivity reactions and parasite infections * Modulation of immune system * Phagocytosis

Question 35

Eosinophils | Granual Shapes

Answer 35

* Pink coloration * Dogs: round shaped * Cats: rod shaped (fills cytoplasm) * Greyhounds don't stain

Question 36

Eosinophil Normal Range

Answer 36

100 - 750 /uL

Question 37

Eosinophilia

Answer 37

* Increased eosinophils * Allergies, Fleas, HW

Question 38

Eosinopenia

Answer 38

* Low eosinophil count * Stress or Steroids

Question 39

Answer 39

Eosinophils

Question 40

Basophils

Answer 40

* Important in hypersensitivity reactions and parasite infections * Not commonly seen

Question 41

Basophil Normal Range

Answer 41

0 - 30 /uL

Question 42

Basophilia

Answer 42

* Increased basophil count * Parasites and Allergies

Question 43

Answer 43

Basophils

Question 44

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

Answer 44

* Nuclear hyposegmentation * Common in Aussies * Chromatin still condensed * Look like bands - nucleus looks mature, darker

Question 45

Nuclear Hypersegmentation

Answer 45

* Nucleus with >5 segments * Caused by aging of neutrophil - stress or prolonged storage * Report only if seeing lots

Question 46

Toxic Change Cause

Answer 46

* Inflammation * Infection (bacterial) * Drug toxicity

Question 47

Toxic Change | Appearance

Answer 47

* Neutrophil with basophilic cytoplasm * Dohle bodies * "foaminess"

Question 48

Dohle Bodies

Answer 48

Small clumps of gray-blue areas within cytoplasm (ribosomes)

Question 49

Siderotic Granules

Answer 49

* RBC - may look like stain artifacts or Dohle Bodies * Use Prussian Blue stain to differentiate

Question 50

Siderotic Granules Cause

Answer 50

IMHA

Question 51

Answer 51

Siderotic Granules