WBCs

Question 1

Acquired defects in neutrophil function? (CALMM)

Answer 1

• 1. Corticosteroid use*
• 2. Alcoholism*
• 3. Leukemias*
• 4. Myelodysplasia*
• 5. Myeloproliferative disorders*

Question 2

Inherited neutrophil abnormalities

Answer 2

1. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
2. Chronic granulomatous disease
3. Myeloperoxidase deficiency
4. Chediak higashi syndrome

Question 3

Causes of Monocytosis

Answer 3

1. Bacterial infex: TB, syphilis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, typhoid, brucellosis
2. Protozoal infex: Malaria
3. Rickettsial infex: RMSF, typhus
   * 4. Myelodysplastic Syndromes*
4. Leukemias
5. Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 4

Causes of lymphopenia

Answer 4

• 1. Immunodeficiencies, including HIV/AIDS*
• 2. Immunosuppressive drugs, including corticosteroids*
• 3. Lymphomas*
• 4. Granulomatous disease, including sarcoid, TB*
  5. Alcohlism, malnutrition, zinc deficiency

Question 5

Causes of lymphocytosis

Answer 5

• 1. Viral infections*
  2. Bacterial infections: Whooping cough, TB, syphilis, brucellosis
• 3. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia*
  4. Lymphomas and Waldenstron’s macroglobulinemia

Question 6

Causes of basophilia

Answer 6

1. Hypersensitivity reactions
   * 2. Myeloproliferative disorders*
2. Thyroid disease

Question 7

Causes of Eosinophilia (NAACP)

Answer 7

• 1. Neoplasm*
• 2. Allergy/asthma*
• 3. Addison’s diase, athero-embolic disease*
• 4. Collagen vascular disease*
• 5. Parasites*

Question 8

Causes of agrunlocytosis

Answer 8

1. Almost always drug induced
   clozapine, prophythiuracil (antithyroid), anti-convulsants, sulfa and chloramphenicol abx, levaisol-contaminated cocaine
   Causes severe necrotizing ulcers in the mouth and throat. severe risk for life-threatening infection

Question 9

Causes of neutropenia

PICHFID

Answer 9

• 1. Physiologic (lower in african americans)*
  2. Drugs (anti-psychotics, anti-epileptics, anti-thyroid, some abx)
• 3. Chemotherapeutic agents*
  4. Infections: Viral, overwhelming bacterial sepsis, TB, fungal
• 5. Immune: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis*
  6. Familal
  7. Hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism

Question 10

Causes of neutrophilia (elevated neutrophils)

Answer 10

• 1. CML/P vera*
• 2. Physiologic: Exercise, pregnancy, lactation, neonates*
• 3. acute infections*
• 4. Acute inflammation*
  5. Acute hemorrhage
  6. Non hematologic maliganancies
  7. Post-splenectomy
  8. Drugs: Corticosteroids, G-CSF, lithium
  9. Misc: Seizures, electric shock, post splenectomy, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
• 10. Smoking: Most common cause of neutrophilia*

Question 11

Monocyte contents

Answer 11

Folded nucleus with uneven contour with slate grey cytoplasm and potentially vacuoles