phagocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
monocytes
immunocytes
lymphocytes
plasma cells
neutrophils = ____% of WBCs
> 50%
neutrophil lifespan
6-10 hours
WBC bands
- immature WBC
- bacterial infection
eosinophil function
-phagocytosis
-worms, wheezes, diseases
(parasites, allergies, TB, sarcoidosis, Addison’s, Hodgkin’s)
basophil function
-histamine release –> inflammation
monocytes function
- phagocytosis
- antigen presentation to T cells
- secrete cytokines
monocyte lifespan
- marrow: brief
- circulation: 20-40 hours
- tissue: months-years (macrophage)
causes of an increased monocyte count
- chronic infection (TB)
- chronic inflammation (sarcoid)
- chronic neutropenia
- recovery from neutropenia
- preleukemia
- myeloproliferative syndrome
causes of decreased monocyte count
- bone marrow failure
- corticosteroids
- myelosuppressive drugs
toxic granulation (dark azurophilic granules –>
infection or G-CSF
Dohle bodies
- cytoplasmic inclusions
- ribosome rich ER (SEPSIS)
G-CSF use
Pelger-Huet anomaly
- bilobed nucleus
- benign, hereditary
- myelodysplastic syndrome
clinical uses of G-CSF, GM-CSF
to stimulate production of cells:
- post chemo
- myelodysplasia
- severe infections
- peripheral blood stem cell transplants
- severe neutropenia
granulopoiesis growth factors
IL-1, IL-3, IL-5 (eos), IL-6, IL-11
GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF
all released from stromal cells and T lymphocytes
opsonization is mediated by
IgG
C3b
oxygen independent neutralization
phagosome-lysosome fusion/acidification
hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes
oxygen dependent neutralization
respiratory burst
myeloperoxidase deficiency
- partial deficiency
- respiratory burst affected
leukocyte adhesion defect
- AR (rare)
- B2 integrin and selectin ligand cannot adhere to endothelial surfaces
- cannot phagocytose C3 covered bacteria
- delayed loss of umbilical chord
- leukocytosis
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
- AR
- failure of phagolysosome formation
- neutropenia
- recurrent skin and systemic infections
Job’s syndrome (Hyperimmunoglobin E, Recurrent Infection Sydrome)
- AD (rare)
- mutation in STAT3 gene
- defect in CHEMOTAXIS
- elevated IgE, eczema, recurrent skin/sinopulmonary infections
chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
- x linked recessive
- mutation in gene for NADPH oxidase enzyme
- defect in RESPIRATORY BURST COMPLEX
- severe infections, granulomas, abscesses, sepsis
