weakness

Question 1

DDX btw Duchenne and Becker’s muscle dystrophy

Answer 1

Duchenne’s: defective dystrophin, death by 15 yo

Becker’s: normal dystrophin, normal life span

Question 2

difficulty raising from bent over position

• waddling gait
• absence of dystrophin

labs: elevated creatine kinase

Answer 2

duchenne muscular dystophy

Question 3

• Muscle loss in LE
• toe walking
• female
• normal dystrophin

Answer 3

Becker’s muscle dystrophy

Question 4

pop: female
- double vision, difficulty swallowing, weakness in the arms/ jaws with repeated use
- drooping eyelids
- slurred speech

Answer 4

myasthenia gravis

Question 5

def: effects Cl- channels

made worst by:

• carbs
• alcohol
• exposure to cold
• stress
• rest after exercise

Answer 5

hypokalemia

Question 6

def: defect of the Na+ channel gene on Chr. 17

made beter by:

• glucose
• insulin
• Ca+ gluconate

Answer 6

hyperkalemia

Question 7

• limb oscillates as it approaches object
• titubation: gross tremor of head/ body that remits when lying down
• asterixis (liver flap): tremor ass. with hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 7

MS

Question 8

amyloid plaque formation

Answer 8

alzheimer’s

Question 9

child who just had a recent fever.

brief purposeless, involuntary movements of the distal ext. and face

Answer 9

sydenham’s sequella caused by Rheumatic fever

Question 10

writhing movements of the prox limb

-due to: dopamergic overactivity in the basal gg

Answer 10

athetosis

Question 11

• choreoform movements

- progressive intellectual and motor decline

Answer 11

huntington’s dz

Question 12

bilateral leg weakness and distal paresthesia follwoing a viral infection
- protein in CSF

Answer 12

guillain-barre sx

Question 13

M weakness and cramping in the hands

difficulty: dysphagia, chewing, coughing, or breathing
- combo of UMNL and LMNL
- atrophy, fasciculation and brisk DTRs

pop: football players

Answer 13

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 14

• lesion involving schwann cells and N fibroblasts
• multi hyperpigmented nodules
• cafe-au-lait lesions on trunk, pelvis, flexor creases of arms

-pop: peds

Answer 14

NF