what are factors that affect the daytime budget?
1) incoming solar radiation
2) albedo
3) subsurface absorption
4) longwave earth radiation
5) sensible heat transfer
6) latent heat transfer
Define daytime energy budget.
The balance of incoming solar radiation and outgoing energy from the Earth’s surface.
True or false: Clouds increase daytime energy absorption.
TRUE
Clouds can trap heat and reflect sunlight, affecting temperature.
Fill in the blank: Albedo measures the _______ of surface reflectivity.
reflectivity
What role do clouds play in the energy budget?
Clouds reflect sunlight and trap heat, influencing temperature and energy distribution.
How do cirrus clouds affect daytime temperatures?
They allow sunlight to pass but trap heat, potentially warming the surface.
Define night time energy budget.
The balance of energy inputs and outputs during the night, affecting temperature and atmospheric conditions.
True or false: Radiation loss is a key component of the night time energy budget.
TRUE
Radiation loss occurs as the Earth’s surface emits heat energy at night.
Fill in the blank: Longwave radiation is emitted by the Earth’s surface as _______.
Infrared radiation
What is sensible heat in the context of night time energy budget?
Heat exchanged between the surface and the air, affecting temperature changes.
What are the two main components of the night time energy budget?
Radiation loss and heat exchange with the atmosphere.
what 2 things are different in the day time energy budget and the nightime energy budget
no incoming shortwave radiation and no reflection
what is the influence on clouds in the night time energy budget?
acts as a blanket keeping the earth warm by absorbing LW radiation and radiating them back to earth
some is re- radiated into space
what is atmospheric radiation?
longwave radiation emiited from the atmosphere to the earths surface
what is insolation
Incoming shortwave SOLar radiATION
what is net radiation balance
difference between the absorbed solar radiation and the net outgoing long wave terrestial radiation
what is scattering
process whereby some incoming insolation is diverted by molecules of gas- takes place in all directions and some of the radiation will reach the earths surface as diffuse radiation
what is terrestial earth radiation
long wave radiation emitted from the earths surface to its atmosphere
what is albedo
the percentage of insolation reflected by a surface. snow covered surfaces have high albedo, vegetation surfaces a low albedo because of the light absorbed for photosynthesis
what is surface and sub surface absorption
energy reaches the surface and heats up- how much it is heated up is determined by the nature of the surface and whether it is able to conduct heat to lower layers
what is sensible heat transfer
refers to the movement of pockets of air of different temperatures. cold air moving into an area will reduce temperatures while warm air will increase energy available and heat the area up
what is latent heat transfer ( evaporation)
process that turns water into water vapour
