Turf Grass Management > Weeds > Flashcards

Weeds Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What are the characteristics that enable weeds to persist in various habitats?

A
  • Prolific seed production
  • Rapid establishment
  • Long-term seed survival
  • Presence of vegetative structures (rhizomes, bulbs)

These characteristics contribute to the adaptability and resilience of weeds in different environments.

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2
Q

How many seeds can a single purslane plant produce in one season?

A

More than two million seeds

This highlights the prolific nature of certain weed species.

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3
Q

What is the maximum number of weed seeds that can be found in the top 6 inches of soil?

A

As many as 13,000 weed seeds per cubic foot

This indicates the potential for weed proliferation in soil.

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4
Q

True or false: Temperature has no effect on weed seed germination.

A

FALSE

The optimal temperature for seed germination varies by weed species, affecting their growth.

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5
Q

What climatic factors affect the occurrence of weeds?

A
  • Temperature
  • Water
  • Light

Each factor plays a crucial role in seed germination and plant growth.

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6
Q

Which weed species thrive under very wet conditions?

A
  • Sedges
  • Annual bluegrass
  • Pennywort
  • Moss
  • Rushes

These species have adapted to high moisture environments.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Virginia pepperweed requires _______ for germination.

A

light

In contrast, henbit’s germination is inhibited by light.

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8
Q

What soil factors can influence weed occurrence in turfgrass areas?

A
  • pH
  • Oxygen content
  • Fertility

These factors can create conditions favorable or unfavorable for weed growth.

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9
Q

Low pH soils favor the growth of which weed species?

A

Red sorrel

Different weed species have varying pH preferences.

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10
Q

What is the effect of low oxygen content in soil on turfgrass?

A

Reduces turfgrass growth, vigor, and stand density

Low oxygen levels can create opportunities for weed invasion.

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11
Q

Which turfgrass species are best adapted to high fertility conditions?

A
  • Bermudagrass
  • Bentgrass
  • Chickweed

These species thrive in nutrient-rich soils.

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12
Q

What cultural practices can affect the extent of weed problems in turfgrass?

A
  • Mowing
  • Cultivation
  • Irrigation
  • Fertilization

Improper practices can weaken turf and encourage weed encroachment.

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13
Q

True or false: Mowing too low can weaken the turf and provide a competitive advantage to weeds.

A

TRUE

This practice can increase light exposure and seed germination of weeds.

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14
Q

What are the types of weeds based on their life cycles?

A
  • Annuals
  • Biennials
  • Perennials

Each type has distinct growth patterns and control strategies.

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15
Q

What are annuals in terms of their life cycle?

A

Complete their life cycle in one growing season

They can be further classified into summer and winter annuals.

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16
Q

What defines biennials in their life cycle?

A

Require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle

They establish vegetatively in the first year and flower in the second.

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17
Q

What are the propagation methods for perennial weeds?

A
  • Seed
  • Vegetative means (rhizomes, stolons, tubers, bulbs)

This makes perennial weeds particularly challenging to control.

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18
Q

What are all the different types of weeds that can be found in turfgrass?

A
  • Annual grasses
  • Perennial grasses
  • Broad-leaf weeds
  • Grass-like weeds (sedges, wild garlic)

Each category requires specific management approaches.

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19
Q

What is the best weed control for turfgrass?

Study These Flashcards
A

Good management practices

Proper mowing, irrigation, fertilization, cultivation, and control of insects and diseases help ensure a thick, healthy turfgrass area.

20
Q

What are the sanitary practices to prevent weed encroachment?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Use seed free of weed seed
  • Ensure vegetative plant materials are weed-free
  • Wash equipment after use in weed-infested areas

Sanitary practices help minimize the introduction of weeds into non-infested areas.

21
Q

What is biological control in weed management?

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A

Using a weed’s natural antagonists as control agents

The goal is to reduce the weed population, not to completely eradicate it.

22
Q

What are herbicides?

Study These Flashcards
A

Chemicals that kill plants or inhibit their growth

Over 180 different chemicals are available for use as herbicides.

23
Q

What are the two types of herbicides based on their action?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Selective herbicides
  • Nonselective herbicides

Selective herbicides control specific target weeds, while nonselective herbicides kill all plants they contact.

24
Q

What are contact herbicides?

Study These Flashcards
A

Herbicides that kill only the plant parts to which they are applied

Effective for controlling annual weeds but not perennial weeds.

25
What are **systemic herbicides**?
Herbicides absorbed by roots or shoots and translocated within the plant ## Footnote Very effective in controlling perennial weeds.
26
What are **preemergence herbicides**?
Herbicides applied before the emergence of weeds ## Footnote They form a chemical barrier that prevents weed seeds from germinating.
27
What are **postemergence herbicides**?
Herbicides applied after the weed has emerged ## Footnote Used primarily to control broadleaf and perennial grass weeds.
28
What is the most effective method for controlling **annual grasses**?
Preemergence herbicides ## Footnote Applied before the target weed seed germinates.
29
What are the challenges of controlling **perennial grasses**?
Cannot be selectively controlled ## Footnote Often require nonselective herbicides like glyphosate.
30
What are the primary postemergence herbicides for **broadleaf weeds**?
* 2,4-D * Mecoprop * Dicamba ## Footnote These are systemic in action and can control multiple broadleaf weed species.
31
What is a key consideration when applying **herbicides**?
Read label directions carefully ## Footnote Applying at specified rates is crucial for effective control.
32
True or false: Weeds are most sensitive to herbicides when they are **actively growing**.
TRUE ## Footnote Adequate soil moisture and ideal temperatures enhance herbicide effectiveness.
33
What shouldnt be done to the turf area before applying **herbicides**?
Do not mow for three to four days prior ## Footnote Adequate topgrowth of the weed is necessary for optimal coverage.
34
What is the recommended waiting period before reseeding after applying **glyphosate**?
At least seven days ## Footnote This allows for maximum translocation through the treated plant.
35
What is the effect of **dethatching** equipment on preemergence herbicides?
Destroys the chemical barrier ## Footnote Core cultivation or aerification does not significantly disrupt the barrier.
36
What is the best time to apply **granular materials** for broadleaf weed control?
When the foliage of the weed is moist ## Footnote Morning applications when dew is present yield better results.
37
How long should a treated area be left undisturbed after herbicide application?
Eight to ten hours ## Footnote This waiting period allows the herbicide to effectively penetrate and act on the weeds.
38
What factors can affect the visibility of results after herbicide application?
* Weed species * Environmental conditions * Cultural practices * Herbicide used ## Footnote Results may take several days to three weeks to become visible.
39
How many times should new stands of turfgrass be mowed before applying a broadleaf herbicide?
Two to three times ## Footnote Mowing helps establish the turfgrass before herbicide application.
40
What is the recommended application rate of herbicides on young seedlings?
Half rates ## Footnote This allows for safer application on young turfgrass.
41
Which herbicide can be used on young seedling turf?
Bromoxynil ## Footnote It is specifically noted for its safety on young seedlings.
42
Broadleaf herbicides should not be applied to recently-laid sod until?
Until it is well rooted ## Footnote This ensures the sod can withstand the herbicide application.
43
Are newly seeded or sprigged turfgrasses tolerant of preemergence herbicides?
No ## Footnote They are generally not very tolerant, and local recommendations should be consulted.
44
When should postemergence herbicides not be applied to warm-season turfgrasses?
As they break winter dormancy (spring green-up) ## Footnote Turfgrasses can be sensitive to herbicide injury during this time.
45
How long should you wait after applying broadleaf herbicides before planting with seed or sprigs?
Four to six weeks ## Footnote This waiting period allows the herbicide to dissipate.
46
Can grass clippings from recently treated turf with broadleaf herbicides be used as mulch?
No ## Footnote Clippings should only be used after the area has been mowed three to four times.
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