WEEDS

Question 1

NAME 2 DISTINCT ANNUAL WEEDS

Answer 1

1. Veronica persica
2. Poa annua
3. Chenopodium album
4. Galium aparine

Question 2

NAME 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS FOUND COMMONLY IN WOODY PERENNIAL PLANTINGS

Answer 2

1. Calystegia sepium (bindweed)
2. Rubus fruticosus (bramble)
3. Aegopodium podagraria (ground elder)
4. Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed)
5. Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup)
6. Aegopodium podagraria (ground elder)

Question 3

DESCRIBE 4 PROBLEMS CAUSED BY PERENNIAL WEEDS IN WOODY PERENNIAL PLANTINGS

Answer 3

1. compete for light, water and nutrients
2. may distort the growth of cultivated species
3. unsightly
4. can be difficult to remove
5. potential for damage to plants by translocated herbicides
6. may introduce pest or disease

Question 4

STATE A NAMED HERBICIDE FOR A NAMED PERENNIAL WEED IN A WOODY PERENNIAL PLANTING AND ITS MODE OF ACTION

Answer 4

Glyphosate
translocated mode of action
effective against Aegopodium podagraria

Question 5

DESCRIBE WHAT IS MEANT BY A WEED

Answer 5

A plant, not deliberately cultivated, growing where it is not wanted or out of place. It interferes with the management objectives for an area at a certain point in time

Question 6

NAME 2 TYPES OF WEEDS FOUND IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 6

Annual and ephemeral weed seeds are brought to the surface and light by cultivation

Question 7

NAME 2 TYPES OF WEEDS FOUND IN LAWNS

Answer 7

Annual weeds and rosette forming, stoloniferous and tap rooted perennial weeds that can survive repeated mowing

Question 8

NAME 2 WEEDS FOUND IN LAWNS

Answer 8

1. Poa annua (annual)
2. Ranunculus repens (perennial)
3. Taraxacum officinale (perennial)
4. Bellis perennis (perennial)

Question 9

NAME 2 WEEDS FOUND IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 9

1. Cardamine hirsuta (ephemeral)
2. Senecio vulgaris (ephemeral)
3. Stellaria media (ephemeral)
4. Veronica persica (annual)

Question 10

NAME 2 WEEDS THAT CAN ACT AS ALTERNATE HOSTS FOR SPECIFIC PLANT PATHOGENS

Answer 10

1. Senecio vulgaris for rust
2. Capsella bursa-pastoris (white blister rust and club root in brassicas)
3. Solanum nigrum (moth affecting solanum lycopersicum and potato cyst eelworm)
4. Tropaeolum for large cabbage white butterfly

Question 11

DESCRIBE THE MODE OF ACTION AND SPECIFIC USE OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDE

Answer 11

A chemical absorbed by emerging plants or seedlings at or below soil level.
e.g. Diflufenican

Question 12

DESCRIBE THE MODE OF ACTION AND SPECIFIC USE OF A SELECTIVE HERBICIDE

Answer 12

A selective herbicide is effective against the weed (e.g. dicot) without affecting the desired plant (e.g. monocot grass)

Question 13

NAME THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF A CONTACT HERBICIDE AND 2 WEEDS IT CONTROLS

Answer 13

Diquat for Cardamine hirsuta (ephemeral)

Question 14

NAME THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF A TRANSLOCATED HERBICIDE AND 2 WEEDS IT CONTROLS

Answer 14

Glyphosate for Ranunculus repens (perennial)

Question 15

DESCRIBE ONE SITUATION EACH FOR SUITABLE USE OF

1. A SELECTIVE HERBICIDE AND
2. A TRANSLOCATED HERBICIDE

Answer 15

1. 2,4-D is a selective herbicide suitable for use in lawns

2. Glyphosate is a translocated herbicide suitable for treatment of perennial weeds in a non-crop situation

Question 16

NAME THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF ONE PESTICIDE AND 3 WAYS OF REDUCING HARMFUL EFFECTS

Answer 16

Glyphosate

1. use on calm day to avoid drift
2. avoid use near water courses
3. use morning or evening to minimise effect on pollinators

Question 17

NAME THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF A TRANSLOCATED HERBICIDE AND 1 WEED IT CONTROLS

Answer 17

Glyphosate for Ranunculus repens (perennial)

Question 18

NAME 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS FOUND IN A HERBACEOUS BORDER AND THEIR SPECIFIC HARMFUL EFFECT

Answer 18

1. Calystegia sepium (bindweed) strangles plants and is unsightly
2. Aegopodium podagraria (ground elder) invades plant roots making it difficult to lift and replant plants
3. Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) roots are strong and spread among plant roots

Question 19

NAME 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS FOUND IN LAWNS

Answer 19

1. Taraxacum officinale
2. Bellis perennis
3. Cirsium arvense

Question 20

NAME 2 PROBLEMS CAUSED BY WEEDS IN LAWNS

Answer 20

1. appearance affected
2. competition for light, water and nutrients
3. may affect suitability as playing field

Question 21

STATE THE MEANING OF CONTACT HERBICIDE

Answer 21

A contact herbicide causes physical damage to any plant material it comes in contact with. It is not translocated to the remainder of the plant

Question 22

NAME THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF ONE TRANSLOCATED HERBICIDE

Answer 22

1. Glyphosate (non-selective)

2. 2,4-D (selective)

Question 23

NAME 2 ANNUAL AND 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS

Answer 23

Annual:
1.Poa annua
2. Veronica persica
Perennial:
1. Taraxacum officinale
2. Bellis perennis
3. Ranunculus repens
4. Aegopodium podagraria

Question 24

STATE ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTACT AND TRANSLOCATED HERBICIDES

Answer 24

A contact herbicide damages the parts of the plant it comes into contact with
A translocated herbicide is absorbed from the leaves and travels through the stem to the root and kills the whole plant

Question 25

NAME 2 METHODS TO CONTROL EPHEMERAL WEEDS IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 25

1. hand picking or hoeing seedlings | 2. mulching

Question 26

NAME 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS WHICH CAN PERSIST IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 26

1. Convovulus arvensis | 2. Rubus fruticosus

Question 27

NAME 2 PLANT DISEASES THAT USE WEEDS AS ALTERNATIVE HOSTS

Answer 27

1. white blister rust 2. clubroot 3. hollyhock rust 4. potato leaf curl virus

Question 28

NAME 2 METHODS TO CONTROL EPHEMERAL WEEDS IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 28

1. hand picking or hoeing seedlings 2. mulching 3. Diquat (contact herbicide) 4. creation of stale seed bed, allow weeds to grow after cultivation and then hoe or spray before planting/sowing

Question 29

NAME 2 PERENNIAL WEEDS WHICH CAN PERSIST IN RECENTLY CULTIVATED SOIL

Answer 29

1. Convovulus arvensis 2. Rubus fruticosus 3. Aegopodium podagraria 4. Taraxacum officinale 5. Calystegia sepium

Question 30

NAME 2 PHYSICAL METHODS OF CONTROLLING WEEDS

Answer 30

- hoeing - hand weeding - flaming - mulching

Question 31

STATE HOW A NAMED ANNUAL WEED OVERWINTERS

Answer 31

Capsella bursa-pastoris overwinters as seed

Question 32

STATE HOW A NAMED PERENNIAL WEEK OVERWINTERS

Answer 32

Taraxacum officinale overwinters as a fleshy tap root

Question 33

NAME 2 EPHEMERAL WEEDS

Answer 33

1. Cardamine hirsuta | 2. Capsella bursa-pastoris