Week 1-

Question 1

What are the (4) goals of family centered intervention?

Answer 1

1. ) Support the family unit
2. ) Enhance family competence
3. ) Enhance the growth, development, and functional independence of the child through a partnership with the family and child
4. ) Care directed towards goals that are important and relevant to the family and child

Question 2

What is the fundamental premise of family centered care?

Answer 2

The child or person does not exist in isolation but functions within a family. (each affects the other)

Question 3

What is the Transactional Model of Development?

Answer 3

• Reciprocal relationship between the child and the caregiving environment.
• A supportive environment may minimize biological risk.

Question 4

• Defined more by emotional and functional elements than by structural or legal elements
• “A group of people who love and care for each other”

Answer 4

Family

Question 5

What does the Family Systems Theory say?

Answer 5

All members are involved in each other’s lives so what happens to one member will affect the entire family.

Question 6

One rationale for intervening with children with disabilities and their families is to reduce levels of ______/___________ experienced by their families.

Answer 6

stress/burden of care

Question 7

It is stressful being a parent, and even more stressful being a parent of a child with special needs. What are some common identified stressors of being a parent?

Answer 7

Knowledge (diagnosis), transitions, future, financial, extended caregiving, the health care environment

Question 8

What is the therapists role in family centered care?

Answer 8

Empowering, communication, enabling, and supporting the child.

Question 9

(3) parts of The Environment of Intervention.

Answer 9

• Knowing the child
• Knowing the family
• Knowing the environment

Question 10

Traditionally, motor development was believed to be less sensitive to changes in the home environment than cognitive and language development. However, recent findings indicate what?

Answer 10

The effect may be gradual and may not be observed until school age. (past 3 years of age)

Question 11

Can think of environment in terms of _________ vs ________.

Answer 11

Proximal vs Distal

• Proximal = home environment
• Distal = community environment (playground, social community, equipment)

Question 12

What are childrearing practices?

Answer 12

-Goal directed actions that parents engage in to promote their children’s development.

Question 13

What is the Parent-Child Interaction?

Answer 13

Predicated upon the notion that the child and caregiver have a dual responsibility to maintain the interaction.

Question 14

(4) features of successful parent-child interactions.

Answer 14

1. ) Sufficient repertoire of behaviors, such as body movements and facial expressions (wheels on the bus, itsy bitsy spider, etc.)
2. ) Contingent responses to each other (reading child appropriately).
3. ) Rich interactive content in terms of play materials, positive affect, and verbal stimulation.
4. ) Adaptive response patterns that accommodate the child’s emerging developmental skills.

Question 15

What are some characteristics of positive PT interactions?

Answer 15

• Flexibility
• Responsiveness
• Contingency
• Ability to allow disruption, to redirect in a supportive manner, and allow child to initiate an action.

Question 16

Interventions with children can only be as successful as what the caregiving environment has to offer. What is the overarching goal of therapy?

Answer 16

Optimize the child’s participation in the home, school, community.

Question 17

(4) steps of the intervention encounter.

Answer 17

1. ) Establish a common ground for communication and information sharing.
2. ) The process of information gathering should involve methods acceptable to both parties.
3. ) Therapists and families should seek to create a good match among the child’s functional abilities, the family’s resources, the amount of information necessary to level the playing field, and the various environments that are important in the child’s daily life.
4. ) Intervention should focus on supporting the caregiving environment and the child’s participation regardless of the severity of the disability.

Question 18

• What is the major cause of neurological trauma in children?
• Who is more at risk for child abuse/neglect?

Answer 18

• Child Abuse and Neglect

- Young children and infants (cant defend, can’t communicate, more difficult than older children)

Question 19

Child Signs of Abuse.

Answer 19

• Sudden change in behavior or school performance.
• Has not received help for physical or medical problems brought to the parents’ attention.
• Has learning problems or difficult concentrating that cannot be attributed to specific physical or psychological causes.
• Is always watchful, as though preparing for something bad to happen.
• Lacks adult supervision.
• Is overly compliant, passive, or withdrawn.
• Comes to school or other activities early, stays late, and does not want to go home.

Question 20

Parent Signs of Abuse.

Answer 20

• Shows little concern for the child.
• Denies the existence of – or blames the child for – the child’s problems in school or at home.
• Asks teachers or other caregivers to use harsh physical discipline if the child misbehaves.
• Sees the child as entirely bad, worthless or burdensome.
• Demands a level of physical or academic performance the child cannot achieve.
• Looks primarily to the child for care, attention, and satisfaction of emotional needs.

Question 21

Parent and Child Signs of Abuse.

Answer 21

• Rarely touch or look at each other.
• Consider their relationship entirely negative.
• State that they do not like each other.

Question 22

• What are (4) types of abuse?

- Are they found separate or in combination?

Answer 22

• Physical, Neglect, Sexual, Emotional

- Usually found in combination.

Question 23

What are some signs of Physical Abuse?

Answer 23

• Unexplained burns, bites, bruises, broken bones or black eyes
• Fading bruises or other marks noticeable after an absence from school
• Seems frightened of the parents and protests or cries when it is time to go home
• Shrinks at the approach of adults
• Head and brain injuries
• Internal injuries

Question 24

• What is child neglect?

- What are some examples?

Answer 24

• When the child’s basic needs are not being met.

- Malnourishment, medical neglect, educational neglect, emotional neglect, evidence of poor hygiene

Question 25

- Sexual Abuse signs are likely to be _________. | - Give some examples.

Answer 25

- behavioral - difficulty walking/sitting, suddenly refuses to change for gym/participate in physical activities, nightmares, bizzare or unusual sexual knowledge, becomes pregnant or contracts VD, runs away

Question 26

What are some signs of emotional maltreatment?

Answer 26

- Extremes in behavior – overly compliant or demanding, extreme passivity or aggression - Is inappropriately adult or infantile - Delayed physical or emotional development - Attempted suicide - Lack of attachment

Question 27

What is Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy?

Answer 27

Specialized form of child abuse is which a physical or mental disorder of the child is either fabricated or induced by a parent or other adult caretaker.

Question 28

What are some warning signs for Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy?

Answer 28

- Persistent or recurrent illnesses for which a cause cannot be found. - Discrepancies between history and clinical findings. - Symptoms and signs that do not occur when a child is away from the mother. - Unusual symptoms that do not make clinical sense. - Persistent failure of a child to tolerate or respond to medical therapy without clear cause. - A parent less concerned than the physician, sometimes comforting the medical staff. - Repeated hospitalizations and vigorous medical evaluations of mother or child without definitive diagnoses. - A parent who welcomes medical tests on her child, even if painful.

Question 29

What are the (3) models of service delivery? Describe each.

Answer 29

- Multidisciplinary = Professionals work independently but recognize and value the contributions of other professions. - Interdisciplinary = Individuals from different disciplines work together cooperatively to evaluate and develop programs. Emphasis is on teamwork, role definitions are relaxed. - Transdisciplinary = There is teaching and ongoing work among professionals across traditional disciplinary boundaries. Role release occurs when a team member assumes the responsibilities of other disciplines for service delivery.