week 1

Question 1

a dying state

Answer 1

moribund

Question 2

condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained

Answer 2

apparent death

Question 3

body of a deceased person, including cremated remains

Answer 3

human remains

Question 4

study of death

Answer 4

thanatology

Question 5

death of the organism as a whole

Answer 5

somatic death

Question 6

death of the individual cells of the body

Answer 6

cellular death

Question 7

antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement

Answer 7

necrobiosis

Question 8

pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism

Answer 8

necrosis

Question 9

before death

Answer 9

antemortem

Question 10

1. period of time immediately before death
   - person is said to be “moribund” or in a dying state
   - time period is not a measured period of time and differs from person to person

Answer 10

agonal period

Question 11

noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity

Answer 11

death rattle

Question 12

semi convulsive twitches that often occur before death

Answer 12

death struggle

Question 13

immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body

Answer 13

cadaveric spasm (instantaneous rigor)

Question 14

somatic death process (5)

Answer 14

1. clinical death
2. brain death
3. biological death
4. cellular death
5. somatic death

Question 15

death of the organism as a whole

Answer 15

somatic death

Question 16

respiration and heartbeat stop irreversibly

Answer 16

clinical death

Question 17

brain loses oxygen

Answer 17

brain death

Question 18

organs stop functioning

Answer 18

biological death

Question 19

individual cells die

Answer 19

cellular death

Question 20

antemortem changes ?

Answer 20

1. changes that occur during agonal period
2. effected by temperature, circulatory system, moisture level and microorganism
3. length of atonal period contributes to the condition of the postmortem condition of the body

Question 21

decrease in body temperature immediately before death

-common when death occurs slowly

Answer 21

agonal algor

Question 22

increase in body temperature immediately before death

- common with infection, toxemia, and certain types of poisoning

Answer 22

agonal fever

Question 23

circulatory changes (3)

Answer 23

1. agonal hypostasis
2. agonal coagulation
3. agonal capillary expainsion

Question 24

settling of blood into the dependent tissues

Answer 24

agonal hypostasis

Question 25

dilation of pores within the capillaries

Answer 25

agonal capillary expansion

Question 26

moisture changes (2)

Answer 26

1. agonal edema | 2. agonal dehydration

Question 27

escape of blood serum from an intravascular to extravascular location immediately before death -result of diseases processes and capillary expansion

Answer 27

agonal edema

Question 28

loss of moisture immediately before death

Answer 28

agonal dehydration

Question 29

redistribution of endemic microflora on a host wide basis immediately before death -based on organisms motility, ability to enter the blood stream and begin circulating throughout the body, and ability to gravitate to other parts of the body during hypostasis or shifts in moisture

Answer 29

agonal translocation

Question 30

gases in the tissues (2)

Answer 30

1. antemortem subcutaneous emphysema | 2. gas gangrene

Question 31

distention of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air from a puncture or tear in the pleural sac or the lung tissue

Answer 31

antemortem subcutaneous emphysema

Question 32

antemortem form of gangrene, associated with anaerobic gas forming bacilli, most commonly, clostridium perfringens

Answer 32

gas gangrene

Question 33

therapeutic changes (4)

Answer 33

1. chemotherapeutic agents 2. blood thinners 3. antibiotics 4. vasodilators

Question 34

period that begins after somatic death - classificed as physical or chemical - conditions progress as time goes on

Answer 34

postmortem

Question 35

forces of nature that act on the body to alter the physical state of the body or tissues after death (5) - algor mortis - hypostasis - livor mortis - dehydration - increases of viscosity of blood - translocation of microorganisms

Answer 35

postmortem physical changes

Question 36

postmortem cooling of the body to the ambient temperature | -rates of temp change is based on intrinsic or extrinsic factors

Answer 36

algor mortis

Question 37

intrinsic factors (4)

Answer 37

1. surface area to body mass ration 2. build 3. antemortem temperature 4. pathological conditions

Question 38

extrinsic factors (6)

Answer 38

1. environment (temperature) 2. coverings on the body 3. pathological conditions 4. pharmaceuticals 5. controlled substances 6. cause and manner of death

Question 39

process of blood and/or other fluids settling to the dependent portions of the body that can occur in the antemortem, agonal, or postmortem period

Answer 39

hypostasis

Question 40

areas where blood movement has been inhibited | -thinner blood flows with less resistance and settles in dependent areas more readily

Answer 40

contact pallor

Question 41

intravascular red/blue discoloration resulting from postmortem hypostasis of blood - appears 30-90 mins after death - can help determine amount of time between death and embalming - amount of blood present and viscosity of blood contribute to the intensity of _____

Answer 41

livor mortis (cadaveric lividity)

Question 42

loss of moisture from body tissue, which may occur antemortem or postmortem; removal of water from a substance

Answer 42

dehydration

Question 43

extreme dehydration often resulting in post embalming discolorations - surface evaporation - hypostasis of blood

Answer 43

desiccation

Question 44

swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources

Answer 44

imbibition

Question 45

thickness of a liquid - occurs b/c of dehydration - plasma moves through the capillary walls and into the tissues - remaining blood thickens and blood cells clump together - affects severity of livor mortis

Answer 45

viscosity

Question 46

increased viscosity of blood brought about by the clumping of particulate formed elements in the blood vessels

Answer 46

agglutination

Question 47

- invasion of cerebrospinal fluid from gut microflora occurs within 4-6 hours of death - contributing factors include chemical and physical changes, movement and positional changes of the body, passive recirculation of blood that may be contaminated, thrombus fragmentation, motility of bacteria

Answer 47

translocation of microorganisms