Qualitative Methodology is focused on __________
oral, textual,
and observational
Quantitative Methods
- Experimental Settings
- Identification of behaviours
- Adoption of natural science
- Deductive approaches
- Pursuance of scientific laws
- Narrow lens
- Realistic perspective
Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are often seen as a ________
This ________ view of methods is _________
The two are often labelled as
Dualism
dualistic, highly problematic
Qualitative Methods
* Soft and subjective
* An anecdotal supplement
* Somehow inferior to ‘real’ science
Quantitative Methods
* Focused
* Objective
* Generalizable
* and by implication, value-free
Qualitative Methods
- Natural Settings
- Search for meaning
- Rejection of natural science
- Inductive approaches
- Identification of cultural patterns
- Wide lens
- Idealistic perspective
World record egg name and background info
Eugene
Chris Godfrey, a British advertising creative, who later worked with his two friends Alissa Khan-Whelan and CJ Brown on a Hulu commercial featuring the egg, intended to raise mental health awareness
If the key terms of research design and methods were to be arranged in the metaphor of an iceberg (the top is noticeable, but the larger picture is much deeper under the ice) what would the order be
Also what would the entire iceberg be labelled as a term? ___________
Methods
///////////
Methodology
//////////////
Espistemology
////////////////
Ontology
Paradigm
“ology” means there has been a debate or
study of
the methods
“Methodology”
Every research study has a METHODology.
- The “ology” means there has been a debate or
study of the methods. - Not as noticeable (just below the surface) but
methodological choices have been made. - These methodological considerations,
discussions, debates, and decisions make up
the argument for your approach. - You will hear people saying things like
”qualitative, “quantitative,” and “mixed-
methods” - Your discipline can influence your methodology
“Methods”
When we do good social research, the techniques for data gathering are clearly described and communicated
- These may include focus groups,
questionnaires, observation, textual
analysis, interviews, participatory action
research, archival research, etc. They
may also include analytical techniques
like coding, discourse analysis, and
statistical analysis
“Epistemology”
- The word “epistemology” comes from ancient Greek “episteme” meaning ‘to know’.
- What is knowable? What is worth knowing? How do we know what we know?
- In philosophy terms, epistemology is the study of how we go about knowing things, how we know whether things are true or false, and what steps we need to take to gain knowledge of the world.
- Any view of the relationship between
theory and practice implies an
epistemological position
HOW CAN I KNOW REALITY?
- WAYS OF KNOWING THE WORLD
- KNOWLEDGE CAN BE MEASURED
- REALITY NEEDS TO BE INTERPRETED
- KNOWLEDGE SHOULD BE EXAMINED USING THE BEST TOOLS
- The word “epistemology” comes from
ancient Greek ________ meaning __________
“episteme”, ‘to know’.
“Ontology”
**What it is to ”be” – an ONTOLogy
WHAT IS REALITY? BELIEFS ABOUT THE WORLD (from slide)
- Comes from the acient Greek Ontos, which means “being” or ”to be”
- Ontological questions include ‘What is existence’, ‘What is the nature of existence’.**
- Social scientists might ask ontological
questions like
– Do social groups exist at all? How are they
created?
– What is the nature of time in the social
world? - Is time experienced and conceptualized differently across cultures and societies?
“Paradigm”
- All four elements (methods, methodology, epistemology, and
ontology, are always present in a research project. - They are always closely related and co- dependent
- Your particular discipline may (or may
not) influence your paradigm.
This will help you to
* Write a better literature review
* Write a better “methodology” chapter in
a proposal or thesis
* Create some coherence out of the chao
PARADIGMS CCHART SEE SLIDE 1
Thinking of a research study as “One reality or
“truth” may be a _____ way of thinking
whereas “Multiple realities based on one’s experiences” may be a ________
leading to ___________
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed Methods
Factors in Choosing a Method
3 Factors that may affect this are
Often the choice of research approach is not really a
choice at all, but a matter of opportunity or expediency.
- Methodological skill
- Department, Discipline, Supervisors, Personalities, Preferences
- Research aims
Where Do Research Ideas Come From?
- New technology
- Serendipity
- Anomalies
- Common sense research
- Problem Solving
- Gap in the literature
Serendipity
“unplanned discoveries by chance, luck or coincedence in a GOOD way”
Check review questions
