What is the anatomical position?
Standing upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor, upper limbs at the sides of the body, and palms facing forward.
What do the terms ‘supine’ and ‘prone’ mean?
Supine means lying down with your body facing up. Prone means lying down with your body facing down.
What is the difference between anterior and posterior?
Anterior (or ventral) refers to the front of the body, while posterior (or caudal) refers to the back of the body.
What do the terms ‘superior’ and ‘inferior’ mean?
Superior means toward the head, top, or above. Inferior means away from the head, bottom, or below.
What do the terms ‘medial’ and ‘lateral’ mean?
Medial means toward the midline of the body. Lateral means away from the midline.
What does ‘proximal’ and ‘distal’ mean?
Proximal means nearest to the origin of a limb (hips and shoulders). Distal means farther from the origin of a limb.
What do the terms ‘deep’ and ‘superficial’ refer to?
Deep means closer to the inside or internal, to another structure. Superficial means closer to the outside or external, to another structure.
What is a body plane or section?
A body plane is an imaginary flat surface passing through the body to expose its internal anatomy.
What is the coronal (frontal) plane?
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
What is the transverse (cross-sectional) plane?
A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
What is the midsagittal plane?
A vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.
What is the sagittal (parasagittal) plane?
A vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right parts at any site.
What is the oblique plane?
A plane that passes through the body at an angle.
What are the two main body cavities?
The posterior aspect and the ventral cavity.
What does the mediastinum contain?
The mediastinum contains the heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.
What are serous membranes?
Serous membranes line the subdivisions in the ventral cavity and consist of two layers: the parietal layer and the visceral layer.
What are the three specific serous membranes and what do they surround?
The pericardium (around the heart), the pleura (around the lungs), and the peritoneum (around the abdominopelvic cavity).
What are the four abdominal quadrants and what do they contain?
RUQ: liver, LUQ: stomach, RLQ: urinary bladder, LLQ: urinary bladder.
What are the nine abdominal regions?
Epigastric Region, Umbilical Region, Hypogastric Region, Left hypochondriac region, Left lumbar region, Left iliac region, Right hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Right iliac region.
What are the six characteristics that all organisms exhibit?
Regulate, exhibit organization, reproduce, engage in metabolism, grow and develop, exhibit responsiveness.
What are the five levels of organization in the human body?
Chemical level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ System level.
What are the four main tissue types?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue.
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Provides protection, prevents water loss/gain, regulates temperature, houses sensory receptors.
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Responsible for body movement and generates heat when muscles contract.
