Week 1

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of medicine

Question 2

What are the 3 names given to drugs

Answer 2

• Generic
• Trade
• Chemical

Question 3

Which class of controlled substances are considered highest risk of abuse potential

Answer 3

Class 1

Question 4

Allergic reaction

Answer 4

-Non life threatening

Question 5

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 5

-Life threatening

Question 6

5 Rights of medication administration

Answer 6

• Right drug
• Right dose
• Right route
• Right patient
• Right time

Question 7

Time frames for drugs

Answer 7

• STAT: within 5 min
• ASAP: within 30 min
• Routine: within 2 hrs
• Standing order: usually a PRN order

Question 8

Drug-Administration Procedures

Answer 8

• Drug orders must be reviewed by the attending physician within specific time frames, at least every 7 days (inpatient facility)
• Drugs may need to be administered during or between meals, depending on interaction with food
• Be aware of side effects of drugs that are best taken in the morning versus everning

Question 9

Routes of administration for medications

Answer 9

• Enteral
• Topical
• Parenteral

Question 10

Enteral route (enter the stomach)

Answer 10

• Lowest bioavailability
• By mouth: tablets, capsules, sublingual, and buccal
• Nasogastric tube or gastrostomy
• Tablets and capsules most common form of drugs

Question 11

Sustained-release tablets or capsules

Answer 11

• Designed to dissolve very slowly

- Created to increase compliance by reducing frequency and dosage

Question 12

Oral Drugs

Answer 12

• Drug absorbed
• Enters the hepatic circulation, goes to liver
• Drug is metabolized to inactive form
• Drug conjugates and leaves liver
• Drug is distributed to general circulation
• Many drugs rendered inactive by first-pass effect

Question 13

Sublingual and Buccal drug administration

Answer 13

• Give all oral meds then these
• Tablet is kept in mouth
• Sublingual medication is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly

Question 14

NG & GT drug administration

Answer 14

• NG tube is short-term tx
• GT tube is long-term tx
• Both methods generally use liquid drugs

Question 15

Topical drugs

Answer 15

-Applied to the skin or mucous membranes
-Applied to the skin is the most common
Instillations and irrigations are applied into body cavities or orifices
-Inhalations are applied to the respiratory tract by inhalers, nebulizers, or positive pressure breathing
-Intended for local effect
-Fewer side effects

Question 16

Transdermal delivery system

Answer 16

• Patches provide effective means of delivering some medications
• Rate of delivery and dose may vary
• Avoids first-pass effect of liver and enzymes
• Full documentation by nurses applies

Question 17

Ophthalmic Administration

Answer 17

-Used to treat local conditions of the eye and surrounding structures

Question 18

Otic Administration

Answer 18

• Used to treat local conditions of the ear, including infections and soft blockages of the auditory canal
• Eardrops, irrigations
• Usually used for cleaning purposes

Question 19

Nasal Administration

Answer 19

• For both local and systemic administration
• Ease of use, avoids first-pass effect and digestive enzymes
• Mucosal irritation common; potential for damage
• Often used for local astringent effect- shrinking swollen mucous membranes or loosen secretions and facilitate drainage

Question 20

Vaginal Administration

Answer 20

• Treat local infections and to relieve vaginal pain and itching
• Suppositories, creams, jellies, or foams
• Nurse must explain the purpose of tx and provide for privacy and patient dignity

Question 21

Rectal Administration

Answer 21

• Local or systemic administration
• Usually suppository form, but sometimes administered as enema
• First-pass effect and digestive enzymes avoided

Question 22

Parenteral drug administration

Answer 22

• Administered via needle
• Types: intradermal, subQ, IM, IV
• Require aseptic technique
• Must have knowledge of anatomical locations
• Must know correct equipment to use
• Must know procedure for disposing of hazardous equipment

Question 23

Parenteral locations

Answer 23

• Intradermal: dermal layer of the skin
• SubQ: deepest layers of the skin
• IM: specific muscles
• IV: directly into the bloodstream
• Advanced parenteral delivery may be directly into body cavities or organs

Question 24

Injection degrees of administration

Answer 24

Intradermal: 10-15
SubQ: 45
IM: 90

Question 25

4 common IM injection sites

Answer 25

- Ventrogluteal - Deltoid - Dorsogluteal - Vastus Lateralis