Function of Lymph system
- Removes excess fluid
- Part of immunity, part of inflammation
- Makes lymph
- Involved in fat
- Helps get rid of proteins
- Waste management of body
- Clearing mechanism everywhere in body except CNS
What results if there is an imbalance in the amount of fluid removed from the local tissue?
-lymph edema
What does lymphatic system remove from the interstitum?
-excess fluid; maintain homeostasis
Why does fluid move out of capillary?
-hydrostatic pressure
Where is lymph system found?
-found throughout the body, deep and superficial
Why is it important that there is lymph in brain?
- Spread of: Meningitis, Cancer, Alzheimers–proteins aggregating in lymph system
Anatomical structure of lymphatic vessels
- Structurally: Valves to keep fluid moving in one direction and prevent back flow
Where does lymph flow to?
venous angles
Two entry points into venous system
- Right lymphatic Duct: right arm, right side of head, heart minus the pericardium, right lung; Enter through subclavian and internal jugular
- Thoracic Duct: drains everything else
Cisterna chyli
- when does it occur?
- what is it?
- where is it?
- Not always present
- Swelling that is sometimes present from T12 to L1-2
- Under the diaphragm, at the aortic hiatus (where thoracic aorta changes name to abdominal aorta)
- Lies posterior to aorta but superior to vertebrae
How does lymph start?
- path
- how many nodes
- Lymphatic capillaries pick up excess fluid from interstitial space, draining from capillaries then go to lymph vessels, then go to lymph node, then lymph trunks
- Will go through multiple nodes before getting to a trunk
what do the superficial lymph vessels drain?
-subcutaneous tissue
what do the deep lymph vessels drain?
- Muscles
- Tendon
- Ligaments
- No bone, but the tissue around it does
Upper limb lymphatics
-lymph plexus of hands, fingers; follow cephalic and basilic veins–cubital lymph nodes–humeral axillary nodes–central nodes–apical axillary nodes
OR
-lymph plexus of hands, fingers; follow cephalic and basilic veins–apical axillary nodes–supraclavicular nodes–subclavian lymphatic trunk–Rt. or left thoracic duct
Lower limb lymphatics
- great saphenous vein–superficial inguinal nodes–external illiac nodes or deep inguinal nodes–external and common iliac nodes–lumbar lymphatic trunks
- small saphenous vein–popliteal nodes– deep inguinal nodes–external and common iliac nodes–lumbar lymphatic trunks
Heart lymphatics
epicardial plexus–right and left cardiac collecting tymph trunks–parasternal nodes–brachiomediastinal trunks–lymph from left ventricle to right lymphatic duct and lymph from right ventricle into the thoracic duct
Lung lymphatics
superficial lymphatic plexus (deep to visceral pleura)–bronchopulmonary lymph nodes–tracheobronchial and paratrachial nodes–bronchomediastinal trunks–subclavian veins
OR
deep lymphatic plexus (submucosa of bronchi and peribronchial connective tissue)–pulmonary nodes–bronchopulmonary lymph nodes–tracheobronchial and paratrachial nodes–bronchomediastinal trunks–subclavian veins
Posterior abdominal wall
external and internal iliac nodes–common iliac nodes–lumbar lymph nodes–interstitial lymphatic trunks–cisterna chylii
Large bowel lymphatics
superior or inferior mesenteric LN–interstital lymph trunks–cisterna chylii–thoracic duct
Celiac area lymphatics
gastro-epiploic and gastric lymph node–follow vessels of the stomach–celiac lymph node–pre-aortic nodes–thoracic duct
