What does a Lit Review does?
Identifies, evaluates and synthesises the relevant literature within a particular field. **Integration*
What does a lit review highlights?
- what has been done
- what is generally accepted
- what is the current state of the topic
- what is emerging
- what are the gaps in knowledge
Narrative review definition
Qualitatively summarises evidence on a topic using informal or subjective methods to collect and interpret studies.
Systematic review definition
High-level overview of primary research on a FOCUSED question that identifies, selects, synthesizes, and appraises all high quality research evidence relevant to that question.
narrative review goal
provide a summary or overview of a topic
Systematic review goal
- answer a focused clinical question
- Eliminate bias
systematic vs narrative (1)
Systematic:
- clearly defined and answerable qstn (use PICO)
- 3 or more authors
- months to years
- search of ALL relevant databases
- explicit search protocols
- explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria
Narrative:
- general topic or specific
- one or more authors
- weeks to months
- search of one or more database
average time to complete a systematic review
8 months
Systematic review components:
- eligibility criteria
- systematic search strategy
- validity of findings
- interpretation of results
- ref list
narrative components:
- Intro
- Methods
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Ref list
Sys. review value
connects practicing clinicians to high quality evidence.
supports evidence-based practise.
Meta-analysis
Include a statistical analysis resources
integrate results of the studies
best if inside a systematic review.
Propsero
international data based for systematic reviews
thinks to ask yourself when starting a research quesiton
- Define your variable
- Decribe its context, how common it is, the effect they have..
- Why is it a problem? and why do you want to treat them? (gaps).
- outline existing treatments, and why do we need a new treatment or a new approach.
- describe second variable.
- link to first variable
- existing evidence
synthesis
highlights important points AND your observations of related texts.
supported by various sources.
compared and contrast. multiple sources at once.
makes connections ( supports, refute, similar concepts opposng /sim methodologies).
Research question origins
supervisors advice review of the literature (to identify gaps) Alert to new ideas and techniques Creativity impactful regardless of findings.
Steps in a research project
-Define clear question
-Hypothesis
-design a study to investigate (what data is needed, who and what time? must be feasible)
-observe/record/ gather data (any issues collecting the data?)
-examining the data (wht does the data tells you? )
-interpret data ( what are other possible expplanations?)
-summarise findings
(how representative they are)
FINER formula for formulating research question
Feasible Interesting Novel Ethical Relevant (contributes to the 'so what' test)
Very narrowed questions
- could lead to biased interpretations.
- limited generalisability.
very broad quesitons
- difficult to test
- difficulty with methods and recruitment
research questions type of questions
who, when ,where, for what?
Technique to formulate answerable research questions
PICO(S)
PICOS def
P - population/problem I - Intervention/ Exposure C- comparison/ control O- outcome S - Study design (optional)
types of research questions
- interventions
- aetiology, risk factor
- frequency
- diagnosis
- prognosis, prediction
- phenomena
