WEEK 1 CONTINUATION

Question 1

How do we acquire reliable knowledge

Answer 1

1. Induction : learning through senses and examination of particular facts.
   1.1 Empiricism View that knowledge attained only on sense experience
   1.2 Knowledge based on senses not what people make up in their heads
2. Deduction : find general law according to which particular facts can be understood of judge
   2.1 Called as Rationalist (example Rene Descartes)
   2.2 Real knowledge based on the logic , the laws and the method that reason develops
3. Pragmatism : (William James and John Dewey) meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequence

Question 2

Meaning and Process of doing Philosophy

Answer 2

1.Philosophy engaging oneself in matters of utility and methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract the idea.
2. Before engaging in philosophical inquiry

Question 3

Partial Point of View and Holistic Point of View

Answer 3

Partial Point of View
1. Looks at only a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation
2. Conclusions are made based on considering some, but not all, sides the problem or situation

Characteristics of Holistic Points of view
1. Looks at all the aspects of the given problem or situation
2. All aspects are given importance when making conclusion.
3. All aspects are tied in together to form a general overview of the problem or situation
4. it is more reliable way of philosophizing

Question 4

Lesson 2 Value of Philosophizing

Answer 4

1. Socrates believed that philosophy should achieve practical results for the greater well-being of society and human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness
2. Russell holds that the primary value of philosophy is not in any kind of definite answer but exists in the questions themselves. He concludes that, “through the greatness of the universe which philosophy contemplates, the mind also is rendered great.”
3. According to Plato, Philosophy is the love of knowledge, the pursuit of truth, and the questioning of all ideas. By studying, discussing, or just thinking about the many ideas in the world, you can find questions you had never thought to ask, or perspectives you had never considered before

Question 5

Importance of Doing Philosophy

Answer 5

• Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and perspective. Because it involves an evaluate process, doing philosophy allows a person to make better decisions and act accordingly to situation with the help of various philosophical skills.
• Doing philosophy enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person’s view of life, challenges, and relationships.
• Doing philosophy directs how a person will perceive these factors in life and how they will be faced.
• In any setting, wisdom is always gained when philosophy is applied to formula conclusion about a certain concern

Question 6

Tips in doing Philosophy

Answer 6

• In doing philosophy, a holistic perspective on the subject is always required. Failure to do so or only using partial point of view may lead to illogical or incorrect conclusion.
• In the process of doing philosophy is critical to have holistic perspective- the perception of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion. This point of is different from holistic thinking which is a mental activity of recognizing the interconnectedness of systems and procedure to form a general picture of an issue.
• The process of doing philosophy should not be mistaken for the Filipino activity of pamimilosopo or pedantry where a person displays useless knowledge or minute observances of small details

Question 7

Lesson 3. Philosophhical Reflection as way of doing Philosophy

Answer 7

1. jay and Ryan : According to Jay and Ryan, philosophical reflection is one of the important skills that one needs in doing philosophy. In order to drive their point, Jay and Ryan appropriated Gabriel Marcel’s notion of philosophical reflection, which is deeply personal and is intimately anchored on day-to-day existence. For Marcel, as Jay and Ryan argue, philosophical reflection is first and foremost the act of giving time to think about the meaning and purpose of life.

Question 7

Lesson 3. Philosophhical Reflection as way of doing Philosophy

Answer 7

1. jay and Ryan : According to Jay and Ryan, philosophical reflection is one of the important skills that one needs in doing philosophy. In order to drive their point, Jay and Ryan appropriated Gabriel Marcel’s notion of philosophical reflection, which is deeply personal and is intimately anchored on day-to-day existence. For Marcel, as Jay and Ryan argue, philosophical reflection is first and foremost the act of giving time to think about the meaning and purpose of life.

Question 8

2 Types of Philosophical Reflection According to Marcel

Answer 8

1. Primary Reflection
   1.1 Primary reflection is a kind of thinking that calculates, analyzes, or recounts past events. In this way, primary reflection is a fragmented and compartmentalized thinking
   1.2 Not a genuine thinking as failed to make sense of the whole and regarded a selfish thinking.
   1.3 It is also called as means-end thinking and only think what practically get in a relatiosnhip
2. Secondary Reflection
   2.1 Secondary reflection, on the other hand, is characterized by the act recapturing the unity of the original experience by gathering back together what has been separated by primary reflection
   2.2 It allows to think holistically as it integrated our fragmented and compartmentalized experience into a coherent whole
   2.3 Applied to human relations, secondary reflection does not think of what it can practically get in a relationship
   2.3.1 . Here, the human person establishes a relationship with the other not because of what she can get, but is premised on the idea that the other is a human person that deserves respect, care and love.