What are the three main states?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are three classifications of a solid?
- Definite shape
- Definite volume
- Stronge interparticle forces holding them in place
- Vibrate only slightly at their fixed positions
- cannot be compressed
What are three classifications of a liquid?
- Fixed volume
- No definite shape
- cannot be compressed
- particles still close together but weak interparticle forces
- free particle movement (they can overlap each other)
What are three classifications of a gas?
- no fixed shape
- no fixed volume
- take shape and volume of the container
particles loosely held together - little to no interparticle forces
- free movement, rapid movement, less dense
- highly compressible
What is the new state that scientists have just discovered and name 3 classifications of this state?
Plasma
- produced when gas gets heated to very high temperatures
- comprised of electrically charged particles
- plasma makes up the interior of stars, auroras and fluorescent light bulbs
What are the two types of properties?
- physical
- chemical
Name 5 physical properties.
- odor
- taste
- color
- appearance
- hardness
- density
- melting point
- boiling point
- electrical conductivity
Name 3-5 chemical properties.
- corrosiveness
- flammability
- toxicity
- acidity
- chemical reactivity
Define elements
Elements have specific physical and chemical properties.
Define compounds
Atoms of two or more elements united chemically in a fixed proportion held together by chemical bonds.
What do chemical bonds do?
Hold a molecules together in a compound and dictate the type of compound form.
Either a molecular compound which is made of covalent bonding, or ionic compounds, which is made of ionic bonding.
Define molecular compounds
- share valence electrons via covalent bonds
- lower potential energy of the system
- create more stable molecules compared to the individual atoms
What are anions?
- a negatively charged ion
- gains electrons
What are cations?
- a positively charged ion
- loses electrons
Define ionic compounds
- form when non-metals and metal atoms come together
- metals easily lose electrons becoming cations
- non-metals readily gain electrons becoming anions
- form ionic bonds
Number of protons equals what ?
- The number of electrons
- atomic number
An element is defined by what?
The number of protons
Gaining or losing an electrons results in what?
an ion forming
What is the atomic mass of a proton?
1
What is the atomic mass of an electron?
5.5 x 10^(-4)
What does a periodic table summarize?
- atomic numbers
- atomic weights
- physical state (liquid, gas, solid)
- type (metal/non-metal/metalloid)
Define periodicity
Elements with similar properties are arranged in vertical groups
Chemical equations show what?
- how reactants convert into products
A period on the periodic table is defined as what?
A horizontal row
