Week 10

Question 1

Two components of sin

Answer 1

1. produces guilt (eternal)

2. results in punishment (temporary)

Question 2

Types of punishment

Answer 2

1. purgatory (before going to paradise)

2. compensation by grace/indulgence (pardoner)

Question 3

How pardoner grants grace through indulgence

Answer 3

God and saints’ deaths create grace –> at church’s disposal –> power of the keys

Question 4

plenary pardon/indulgence

Answer 4

by pope, like to people who fought in crusades

Question 5

partial pardon/indulgence

Answer 5

by bishops

Question 6

Pardoner actions

Answer 6

1. sells indulgences (‘bulls’) (keeps some of the profits)
2. sells relics, quack medicines and fake ‘bulls’
3. claims he can absolve/pardon sins (ABUSE OF POWER, he can only absolve punishment, not the sins themselves)

Question 7

How to alleviate guilt

Answer 7

repentance, through confession of sins to a priest who then gives absolution

Question 8

Scholasticism

Answer 8

relies on logic

Question 9

methods of Scholasticism

Answer 9

1. Dialectical reasoning (arguing for and against, books = summae)
2. Division and subdivision (ex. 7 deadly sins)

Question 10

Division and subdivision: love

Answer 10

caritas (creative love/charity)
amor (procreative love/physical love)
cupiditas (anti-creative love/greed)

Question 11

division and subdivision (statue)

Answer 11

material cause (marble)
formal cause (shape, warrior)
efficient cause (tool/artist)
final cause (purpose)

Question 12

Chaucer’s pardoner

Answer 12

• epitome of cupiditas
• admits to tricking ppl and selling fake relics
• abuse of authority
• self-comparison to dove (Holy Ghost)

Question 13

Chaucer’s denouncement of pardoners

Answer 13

• with the help of the host
• theological slips in pardoner’s sermon (Adam and Eve were damned because of pride, not gluttony and Atilla was a historical mistake

Question 14

Exemplum

Answer 14

• another method of instruction
• exemplification treats facts or events as examples which demonstrate some general truth
• history is ‘magistra vitae’
• first state theme, then illustrate w/ exemplum
• can be full story OR reference to known story