Biomaterials > Week 10 > Flashcards

Week 10 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

With regards to the periodic table, what are ceramics?

A
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2
Q

metal-oxygen elements bonded via ionic bonds

A

ceramics

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3
Q

What structure does the metals and oxygen form in a ceramic material?

A

3D crystalline lattice

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4
Q

What are the 4 applications of ceramics?

A
  1. dental implants
  2. bone graft substitutes
  3. bone cements
  4. orthopedic load bearing coatings
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5
Q

What are 6 applications of dental ceramics?

A
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6
Q

What are the 5 general characteristics of ceramics?

A
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7
Q

What are the 3 advantages of ceramics?

A
  1. biocompatibility
  2. high wear resistance
  3. light weight
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8
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of ceramics?

A
  1. low tensile strength
  2. low toughness
  3. difficult to fabricate
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9
Q

What two things describe amorphous ceramics?

A
  1. atoms exhibit short-range order
  2. no distinct melting temperature
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10
Q

What two things describe crystalline ceramics?

A
  1. atoms arranged in a regularly repeated array (long-range order)
  2. high melting points, strong, hard, brittle, good corrosion resistance
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11
Q

What are the 3 ways to classify ceramics?

A
  1. composition (oxides vs. no-oxides)
  2. degree of crystal/amorphous phase
  3. reactivity with body/biological processes
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12
Q

Describe 4 properties of oxides

A
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13
Q

Describe 4 properties of non-oxides

A
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14
Q

Alumina, Zirconia, and Beryllium are types of

A

oxidies

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15
Q

Nitrides, carbides, and borides are types of

A

non-oxides

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16
Q

Describe the 3 classifications based on reactivity and give an example for each

A
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17
Q

Describe the 4 classifications based on phases

A
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18
Q

What are the 4 properties of ceramics?

A
  1. mechanical properties
  2. thermal properties
  3. optical properties
  4. biological properties
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19
Q

What are the 3 mechanical properties of ceramics?

A
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20
Q

Compare ceramics, metals and polymers

A
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21
Q

What is the biocompatibility of ceramics?

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A
  • ceramics are biocompatible (mineral adverse effects on biological tissues)
  • some loss of mass occurs (corrosion) during service
22
Q

What are some examples of ceramics?

23
Q

This material is commonly used for windows, drinking glasses, bottles, ocular prostheses, and sensors

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A

silicate glass (SiO2)

24
Q

What is silicate glass composed of?

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A

silica (SiO2) –> silicon dioxide

25
One of the most abundant oxides in the earth's crust
silicon dioxide
26
What are the 3 crystalline forms of SiO2?
27
What are the 2 amorphous forms of SiO2? What are 3 characteristics of amorphous SiO2?
28
Describe the thermal expansion of various forms of silica
29
What are 5 other names for alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
1. aluminum oxides 2. corundum 3. sapphire 4. ruby 5. aloxite
30
When are alumina or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) commonly used?
1. orthopaedics (hip and knee prostheses) 2. dentistry (porcelain crowns)
31
What are three characteristics of alumina/aluminum dioxide (Al2O3)?
1. bioinert 2. biocompatible 3. excellent wear resistance
32
True or false: Al2O3 is insoluble in water and organic liquids
True
33
What are 3 applications of Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3)?
34
Where are calcium phosphates (CaP) naturally found?
body and rocks - bone - dentin and enamel - calcification of arteries
35
What are the 6 different forms of natural CaP?
36
What are the most commonly CaP phases used in biomedical applications?
37
What is the most commonly known crystalline CaP biomaterial? Where is it found?
38
What are the 4 features of HAp?
39
What are three different biomedical applications of CaP?
40
process by which osteogenesis is induced and recruitment of immature cells
induction
41
bone grows on a surface (implants)
conduction
42
stable and anchorage of an implant achieved by direct bone-to-implant contact
integration
43
What is bioactive glass designed to do?
bond of glass to teeth/bone
44
Bioactive glass is approved by the FDA and is called
bioglass
45
What type of system is used in bioactive glass?
silicate-glass (glass-ceramic) based system
46
What are the two formulations of bioactive glass?
47
What is the bioactive glass reaction?
48
Use this diagram to describe the bioactive glass reaction
49
What are the two most common commercial bioglasses?
50
What are the 7 applications of bioactive glasses?
Biomaterials
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