What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that derive their nutritions from eating other organisms
What are autotrophs?
Organism that use solar energy or inorganic chemical energy to synthetize all their components
What are 3 types of heterotrophs?
- Holozoic
- Saprophytic
- Parasitic
Describe Holozoic organisms:
They feed on solid organic material
Describe saprophytic organisms:
They feed by extracting organic nutrients solubilized from dead matter
Describe parasitic organisms:
They use organic nutrients of a living host
What are the two types of autotrophy?
- Photosynthesis
- Chemosynthesis
What are the three major nutrients for animals:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipid
- Protein
Describe Carbohydrates:
Stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen
Describe lipids:
They’re the most important form of stored energy and have more energy per grams that glycogen. They can be store with little associated water.
Describe proteins:
They’re not used as an energy storage compound but can be metabolized as an energy source of last resort.
What are the 6 key features of digestive tracts?
1) Receiving region
2) Storage region
3) Digestive Region
4) Absorptive region
5) Waste storage and elimination region
6) Mechanism of motility
Describe the evolutionary advantage of a digestive tract:
- Storage captured food
- Enable one-way passage of food
- Reduction of mixing between digested and undigested food
- Allows simultaneous operations of sequential stages of food processing.
What are the 3 types of excretion system?
- Protonephridium
- Malpighian tubules
- Vertebrate nephron
What is the advantage of a Malpighian tubule:
It can excrete waste with small loss of water
What are essential aminoacids?
Aminoacids that cannot be made by human body so they must be obtained from our diet
What are the 4 components of the absorptive region?
- It’s thin with a large surface area
- It has folds called villi
- It has muscular layer to direct food in one direction only
- Rich bood supply
What does the excretory system help mantaining?
The osmolarity and the volume of EFCs.
What are the three forms in which nitrogen is excreted?
- Urea
- Uric Acid
- Ammonia
What’s protonephridium?
Tubules in the body of flatworms which end in specialized cells called flame cells.
